Second Hits Exacerbate Alcohol-related Organ Damage: an Update

Overview

Journal Alcohol Alcohol

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2020 Sep 2

PMID 32869059

Citations 8

Authors

Natalia A Osna

Murali Ganesan

Devanshi Seth

Todd A Wyatt

Srivatsan Kidambi

Kusum K Kharbanda

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Chronic and excessive alcohol abuse cause direct and indirect detrimental effects on a wide range of body organs and systems and accounts for ~4% of deaths worldwide. Many factors influence the harmful effects of alcohol. This concise review presents newer insights into the role of select second hits in influencing the progression of alcohol-induced organ damage by synergistically acting to generate a more dramatic downstream biological defect. This review specifically addresses on how a lifestyle factor of high fat intake exacerbates alcoholic liver injury and its progression. This review also provides the mechanistic insights into how increasing matrix stiffness during liver injury promotes alcohol-induced fibrogenesis. It also discusses how hepatotropic viral (HCV, HBV) infections as well as HIV (which is traditionally not known to be hepatotropic), are potentiated by alcohol exposure to promote hepatotoxicity and fibrosis progression. Finally, this review highlights the impact of reactive aldehydes generated during alcohol and cigarette smoke coexposure impair innate antimicrobial defense and increased susceptibility to infections. This review was inspired by the symposium held at the 17th Congress of the European Society for Biomedical research on Alcoholism in Lille, France entitled 'Second hits in alcohol-related organ damage'.

Citing Articles

Chronic Alcohol Intake Compromises Lung Immunity by Altering Immunometabolism in Humans and Mouse Models.

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Incidence and Risks of HIV Infection, Medication Options, and Adverse Effects in Accidental Needle Stick Injuries: A Narrative Review.

Abadie R, Brown E, Campbell J, Alvarez I, Allampalli V, Ahmadzadeh S Cureus. 2024; 16(1):e51521.

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Contribution of alcohol use in HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection to all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A collaboration of cohort studies.

Trickey A, Ingle S, Boyd A, Gill M, Grabar S, Jarrin I J Viral Hepat. 2023; 30(9):775-786.

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Effect of cofactors on NAFLD/NASH and MAFLD. A paradigm illustrating the pathomechanics of organ dysfunction.

Lonardo A, Singal A, Osna N, Kharbanda K Metab Target Organ Damage. 2022; 2(3).

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Chronic and Binge Alcohol Ingestion Increases Truncated Oxidized Phosphatidylcholines in Mice Lungs Due to Increased Oxidative Stress.

Appolonia C, Wolf K, Zawatsky C, Cinar R Front Physiol. 2022; 13:860449.

PMID: 35685280 PMC: 9171009. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.860449.

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