Spatiotemporal Regulation of Exotoxins by HlyU and Other Transcriptional Regulators

Overview

Journal Toxins (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Toxicology

Date 2020 Aug 27

PMID 32842612

Citations 7

Authors

Byoung Sik Kim

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

After invading a host, bacterial pathogens secrete diverse protein toxins to disrupt host defense systems. To ensure successful infection, however, pathogens must precisely regulate the expression of those exotoxins because uncontrolled toxin production squanders energy. Furthermore, inappropriate toxin secretion can trigger host immune responses that are detrimental to the invading pathogens. Therefore, bacterial pathogens use diverse transcriptional regulators to accurately regulate multiple exotoxin genes based on spatiotemporal conditions. This review covers three major exotoxins in pathogenic species and their transcriptional regulation systems. When encounters a host, genes encoding cytolysin/hemolysin, multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin, and secreted phospholipases are coordinately regulated by the transcriptional regulator HlyU. At the same time, however, they are distinctly controlled by a variety of other transcriptional regulators. How this coordinated but distinct regulation of exotoxins makes species successful pathogens? In addition, anti-virulence strategies that target the coordinating master regulator HlyU and related future research directions are discussed.

Citing Articles

Genome-wide phenotypic profiling of transcription factors and identification of novel targets to control the virulence of Vibrio vulnificus.

Sung D, Choi G, Ahn M, Byun H, Kim T, Lee H Nucleic Acids Res. 2024; 53(3).

PMID: 39704106 PMC: 11797071. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae1238.

-infecting bacteriophages and their potential to control biofilm.

Cevallos-Urena A, Kim J, Kim B Food Sci Biotechnol. 2023; 32(12):1719-1727.

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Attenuation of a DNA cruciform by a conserved regulator directs T3SS1 mediated virulence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Getz L, Brown J, Sobot L, Chow A, Mahendrarajah J, Thomas N Nucleic Acids Res. 2023; 51(12):6156-6171.

PMID: 37158250 PMC: 10325908. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad370.

Increased intracellular persulfide levels attenuate HlyU-mediated hemolysin transcriptional activation in .

Pis Diez C, Antelo G, Dalia T, Dalia A, Giedroc D, Capdevila D bioRxiv. 2023; .

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Repression by the H-NS/YmoA histone-like protein complex enables IscR dependent regulation of the Yersinia T3SS.

Balderas D, Ohanyan M, Alvarez P, Mettert E, Tanner N, Kiley P PLoS Genet. 2022; 18(7):e1010321.

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