The Combined Effects of Parasitism and Exposure to Neonicotinoids Affects Honey Bee ( L.) Memory and Gene Expression

Overview

Journal Biology (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Biology

Date 2020 Aug 23

PMID 32825259

Citations 6

Authors

Nuria Morfin

Paul H Goodwin

Ernesto Guzman-Novoa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Honey bees ( L.) are exposed biotic and abiotic stressors but little is known about their combined effect and impact on neural processes such as learning and memory, which could affect behaviours that are important for individual and colony survival. This study measured memory with the proboscis extension response (PER) assay as well as the expression of neural genes in bees chronically exposed to three different sublethal doses of the insecticide clothianidin and/or the parasitic mite . The proportion of bees that positively responded to PER at 24 and 48 h post-training (hpt) was significantly reduced when exposed to clothianidin. parasitism reduced the proportion of bees that responded to PER at 48 hpt. Combined effects between the lowest clothianidin dose and for the proportion of bees that responded to PER were found at 24 hpt. Clothianidin, and their combination differentially affected the expression of the neural-related genes, (), (), and (). Different doses of clothianidin down-regulated or up-regulated the genes, whereas tended to have a down-regulatory effect. It appears that clothianidin and affected neural processes in honey bees through different mechanisms.

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