Sleep Health Early in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in the United States: Integrating Longitudinal, Cross-sectional, and Retrospective Recall Data

Overview

Journal Sleep Med

Specialties Neurology
Psychiatry

Date 2020 Aug 4

PMID 32745719

Citations 74

Authors

Chenlu Gao

Michael K Scullin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused substantial changes in lifestyle, responsibilities, and stressors. Such dramatic societal changes might cause overall sleep health to decrease (stress view), to remain unchanged (resilience view), or even to improve (reduced work/schedule burden view).

Methods: We addressed this question using longitudinal, cross-sectional, and retrospective recall methodologies in 699 American adult participants in late March 2020, two weeks following the enactment of social distancing and shelter-in-place policies in the United States.

Results: Relative to baseline data from mid February 2020, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses demonstrated that average sleep quality was unchanged, or even improved, early in the pandemic. However, there were clear individual differences: approximately 25% of participants reported that their sleep quality had worsened, which was explained by stress vulnerability, caregiving, adverse life impact, shift work, and presence of COVID-19 symptoms.

Conclusions: Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic has detrimentally impacted some individuals' sleep health while paradoxically benefited other individuals' sleep health by reducing rigid work/school schedules such as early morning commitments.

Citing Articles

Longitudinal changes in sleep and sleep-related symptoms among Korean adults between 2010 to 2022, including the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Park H, Lee S, Moon H, Kim J, Cho J, Cho Y PLoS One. 2024; 19(11):e0311600.

PMID: 39509373 PMC: 11542832. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311600.

A Cross-sectional Study on the Sleep Quality and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness of Filipino Medical Students in a State-run University during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.

Velasco R, Valenzuela R, Jorge M Acta Med Philipp. 2024; 57(8):59-68.

PMID: 39484196 PMC: 11522580. DOI: 10.47895/amp.vi0.5491.

Evaluating the risk of sleep disorders in subjects with a prior COVID-19 infection.

Kim J, Ben-Umeh K, Weir R, Manotas K, Kleinschmit K, Fischer A PLoS One. 2024; 19(10):e0311929.

PMID: 39418274 PMC: 11486372. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311929.

COVID-19 lockdown and lifestyles: A narrative review.

Doraiswamy S, Cheema S, Al Mulla A, Mamtani R F1000Res. 2024; 10:363.

PMID: 39403404 PMC: 11472275. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52535.2.

Sleeping behaviors are determined by lockdown and not work-from-home arrangements.

Raman G, Peng J Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):20465.

PMID: 39242575 PMC: 11379852. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70461-z.

References

Fergus T, Scullin M . The Cognitive Attentional Syndrome is Associated With Sleep Difficulties in a Community Sample. Behav Sleep Med. 2016; 15(5):410-420. DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2016.1141771. View

Ahorsu D, Lin C, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths M, Pakpour A . The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020; 20(3):1537-1545. PMC: 7100496. DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8. View

Anderson R, Heesterbeek H, Klinkenberg D, Hollingsworth T . How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?. Lancet. 2020; 395(10228):931-934. PMC: 7158572. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5. View

Akerstedt T . Shift work and disturbed sleep/wakefulness. Occup Med (Lond). 2003; 53(2):89-94. DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqg046. View

Ben Simon E, Rossi A, Harvey A, Walker M . Overanxious and underslept. Nat Hum Behav. 2019; 4(1):100-110. DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0754-8. View

Scullin M, Bliwise D . Sleep, cognition, and normal aging: integrating a half century of multidisciplinary research. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2015; 10(1):97-137. PMC: 4302758. DOI: 10.1177/1745691614556680. View

Akerstedt T, Kecklund G, Selen J . Early morning work--prevalence and relation to sleep/wake problems: a national representative survey. Chronobiol Int. 2010; 27(5):975-86. DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2010.489001. View

Freeman D, Sheaves B, Goodwin G, Yu L, Nickless A, Harrison P . The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017; 4(10):749-758. PMC: 5614772. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30328-0. View

Dong E, Du H, Gardner L . An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20(5):533-534. PMC: 7159018. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1. View

10.

De Valck E, Cluydts R, Pirrera S . Effect of cognitive arousal on sleep latency, somatic and cortical arousal following partial sleep deprivation. J Sleep Res. 2004; 13(4):295-304. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2004.00424.x. View

11.

Fang J, Sanborn C, Renegar K, Majde J, Krueger J . Influenza viral infections enhance sleep in mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1995; 210(3):242-52. DOI: 10.3181/00379727-210-43945. View

12.

Qi J, Xu J, Li B, Huang J, Yang Y, Zhang Z . The evaluation of sleep disturbances for Chinese frontline medical workers under the outbreak of COVID-19. Sleep Med. 2020; 72:1-4. PMC: 7244440. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.023. View

13.

Scullin M, Krueger M, Ballard H, Pruett N, Bliwise D . The effects of bedtime writing on difficulty falling asleep: A polysomnographic study comparing to-do lists and completed activity lists. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2017; 147(1):139-146. PMC: 5758411. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000374. View

14.

Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N . Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(3):e203976. PMC: 7090843. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976. View

15.

Irwin M . Why sleep is important for health: a psychoneuroimmunology perspective. Annu Rev Psychol. 2014; 66:143-72. PMC: 4961463. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115205. View

16.

Wittmann M, Dinich J, Merrow M, Roenneberg T . Social jetlag: misalignment of biological and social time. Chronobiol Int. 2006; 23(1-2):497-509. DOI: 10.1080/07420520500545979. View

17.

Wright Jr K, Linton S, Withrow D, Casiraghi L, Lanza S, de la Iglesia H . Sleep in university students prior to and during COVID-19 Stay-at-Home orders. Curr Biol. 2020; 30(14):R797-R798. PMC: 7284257. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.022. View

18.

Dunn C, Kenney E, Fleischhacker S, Bleich S . Feeding Low-Income Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(18):e40. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2005638. View

19.

Borbely A . A two process model of sleep regulation. Hum Neurobiol. 1982; 1(3):195-204. View

20.

Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C . Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(4):420-422. PMC: 7164771. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X. View