Thromboembolic Complications and Cardiovascular Events Associated with Celiac Disease

Overview

Journal Ir J Med Sci

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2020 Jul 22

PMID 32691305

Citations 10

Authors

Fotios S Fousekis

Eleni T Beka

Ioannis V Mitselos

Haralampos Milionis

Dimitrios K Christodoulou

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic intestinal immune-mediated disease occurring in genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to gluten. Although it primarily affects the small intestine, CD has been associated with a wide spectrum of extraintestinal manifestations, including thromboembolism and cardiovascular events. The risk of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and thromboembolism, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is higher in patients with CD, while there is accumulating evidence that gluten-free diet in CD patients decreases the risk of these complications. The pathogenetic mechanism of increasing hypercoagulability in CD is multifactorial and involves hyperhomocysteinemia due to malabsorption of vitamins B12, B6, and folic acid; endothelial dysfunction; acceleration of atherosclerosis; chronic inflammation; thrombocytosis; and thrombophilia. Therefore, in cases of thromboembolic complications and cardiovascular disease of obscure etiology, clinicians' awareness of possible celiac disease is warranted.

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