Climate Shaped How Neolithic Farmers and European Hunter-gatherers Interacted After a Major Slowdown from 6,100 BCE to 4,500 BCE

Overview

Journal Nat Hum Behav

Specialties Psychology
Social Sciences

Date 2020 Jul 8

PMID 32632332

Citations 11

Authors

Lia Betti

Robert M Beyer

Eppie R Jones

Anders Eriksson

Francesca Tassi

Veronika Siska

Michela Leonardi

Pierpaolo Maisano Delser

Lily K Bentley

Philip R Nigst

Jay T Stock

Ron Pinhasi

Andrea Manica

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The Neolithic transition in Europe was driven by the rapid dispersal of Near Eastern farmers who, over a period of 3,500 years, brought food production to the furthest corners of the continent. However, this wave of expansion was far from homogeneous, and climatic factors may have driven a marked slowdown observed at higher latitudes. Here, we test this hypothesis by assembling a large database of archaeological dates of first arrival of farming to quantify the expansion dynamics. We identify four axes of expansion and observe a slowdown along three axes when crossing the same climatic threshold. This threshold reflects the quality of the growing season, suggesting that Near Eastern crops might have struggled under more challenging climatic conditions. This same threshold also predicts the mixing of farmers and hunter-gatherers as estimated from ancient DNA, suggesting that unreliable yields in these regions might have favoured the contact between the two groups.

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