Potential of SARS-CoV-2 to Cause CNS Infection: Biologic Fundamental and Clinical Experience

Overview

Journal Front Neurol

Specialty Neurology

Date 2020 Jul 7

PMID 32625165

Citations 25

Authors

Jianhan Huang

Meijun Zheng

Xin Tang

Yaxing Chen

Aiping Tong

Liangxue Zhou

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus leading to serious respiratory disease and is spreading around the world at a raging speed. Recently there is emerging speculations that the central nervous system (CNS) may be involved during SARS-CoV-2 infection, contributing to the respiratory failure. However, the existence of viral replication in CNS has not been confirmed due to the lack of evidence from autopsy specimens. Considering the tropism of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, is prevailing in CNS, and the neuro-invasive property of human coronavirus was widely reported, there is a need to identified the possible complications during COVID-19 for CNS. In this review, we conduct a detailed summary for the potential of SARS-CoV-2 to infect central nervous system from latest biological fundamental of SARS-CoV-2 to the clinical experience of other human coronaviruses. To confirm the neuro-invasive property of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent influence on patients will require further exploration by both virologist and neurologist.

Citing Articles

CNS Viral Infections-What to Consider for Improving Drug Treatment: A Plea for Using Mathematical Modeling Approaches.

Sun M, Manson M, Guo T, de Lange E CNS Drugs. 2024; 38(5):349-373.

PMID: 38580795 PMC: 11026214. DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01082-3.

Global prevalence of persistent neuromuscular symptoms and the possible pathomechanisms in COVID-19 recovered individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fajar J, Ilmawan M, Mamada S, Mutiawati E, Husnah M, Yusuf H Narra J. 2024; 1(3):e48.

PMID: 38450213 PMC: 10914045. DOI: 10.52225/narra.v1i3.48.

Assessment of BoHV-4-based vector vaccine intranasally administered in a hamster challenge model of lung disease.

Park S, Conti L, Franceschi V, Oh B, Yang M, Ham G Front Immunol. 2023; 14:1197649.

PMID: 37483612 PMC: 10358724. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197649.

Neuroinflammation in Dementia-Therapeutic Directions in a COVID-19 Pandemic Setting.

Luc M, Wozniak M, Rymaszewska J Cells. 2022; 11(19).

PMID: 36230921 PMC: 9562181. DOI: 10.3390/cells11192959.

Clinical characteristics of 365 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms: an observational study.

Vahabizad F, Togha M, Ariyanfar S, Fattahi M, Haghighi S, Ebadi Z Acta Neurol Belg. 2022; 123(5):1805-1811.

PMID: 36008590 PMC: 9409615. DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02027-7.

References

Cabeca T, Granato C, Bellei N . Epidemiological and clinical features of human coronavirus infections among different subsets of patients. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013; 7(6):1040-7. PMC: 4634278. DOI: 10.1111/irv.12101. View

Harmer D, Gilbert M, Borman R, Clark K . Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE 2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme. FEBS Lett. 2002; 532(1-2):107-10. DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03640-2. View

Tian J, Shi R, Liu T, She R, Wu Q, An J . Brain Infection by Hepatitis E Virus Probably via Damage of the Blood-Brain Barrier Due to Alterations of Tight Junction Proteins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019; 9:52. PMC: 6436201. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00052. View

Netland J, Meyerholz D, Moore S, Cassell M, Perlman S . Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2. J Virol. 2008; 82(15):7264-75. PMC: 2493326. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00737-08. View

Vabret A, Dina J, Brison E, Brouard J, Freymuth F . [Human coronaviruses]. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2008; 57(2):149-60. PMC: 7125620. DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2008.02.018. View

Tipnis S, Hooper N, Hyde R, Karran E, Christie G, Turner A . A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem. 2000; 275(43):33238-43. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M002615200. View

Hashimoto T, Perlot T, Rehman A, Trichereau J, Ishiguro H, Paolino M . ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation. Nature. 2012; 487(7408):477-81. PMC: 7095315. DOI: 10.1038/nature11228. View

Campagnole-Santos M, Heringer S, Batista E, Khosla M, Santos R . Differential baroreceptor reflex modulation by centrally infused angiotensin peptides. Am J Physiol. 1992; 263(1 Pt 2):R89-94. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.1.R89. View

Ayala-Nunez N, Follain G, Delalande F, Hirschler A, Partiot E, Hale G . Zika virus enhances monocyte adhesion and transmigration favoring viral dissemination to neural cells. Nat Commun. 2019; 10(1):4430. PMC: 6764950. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12408-x. View

10.

Chiu S, Chan K, Chu K, Kwan S, Guan Y, Poon L . Human coronavirus NL63 infection and other coronavirus infections in children hospitalized with acute respiratory disease in Hong Kong, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 40(12):1721-9. PMC: 7107956. DOI: 10.1086/430301. View

11.

Santos R, Campagnole-Santos M . Central and peripheral actions of angiotensin-(1-7). Braz J Med Biol Res. 1994; 27(4):1033-47. View

12.

Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett K, Goldsmith J, Hsieh C, Abiona O . Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020; 367(6483):1260-1263. PMC: 7164637. DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2507. View

13.

McDonald D . Respiratory tract infections increase susceptibility to neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988; 137(6):1432-40. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/137.6.1432. View

14.

Burrell L, Risvanis J, Kubota E, Dean R, Macdonald P, Lu S . Myocardial infarction increases ACE2 expression in rat and humans. Eur Heart J. 2005; 26(4):369-75. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi114. View

15.

Salimi H, Cain M, Jiang X, Roth R, Beatty W, Sun C . Encephalitic Alphaviruses Exploit Caveola-Mediated Transcytosis at the Blood-Brain Barrier for Central Nervous System Entry. mBio. 2020; 11(1). PMC: 7018649. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02731-19. View

16.

Chen L, Li X, Chen M, Feng Y, Xiong C . The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cardiovasc Res. 2020; 116(6):1097-1100. PMC: 7184507. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa078. View

17.

Wang L, Li X, Chen H, Yan S, Li D, Li Y . Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection Does Not Result in Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of 116 Hospitalized Patients from Wuhan, China. Am J Nephrol. 2020; 51(5):343-348. PMC: 7179524. DOI: 10.1159/000507471. View

18.

Steiner I, Kennedy P, Pachner A . The neurotropic herpes viruses: herpes simplex and varicella-zoster. Lancet Neurol. 2007; 6(11):1015-28. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70267-3. View

19.

Arbour N, Cote G, Lachance C, Tardieu M, Cashman N, Talbot P . Acute and persistent infection of human neural cell lines by human coronavirus OC43. J Virol. 1999; 73(4):3338-50. PMC: 104098. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.73.4.3338-3350.1999. View

20.

Serrano-Castro P, Estivill-Torrus G, Cabezudo-Garcia P, Reyes-Bueno J, Ciano Petersen N, Aguilar-Castillo M . Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases: a delayed pandemic?. Neurologia (Engl Ed). 2020; 35(4):245-251. PMC: 7164900. DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.04.002. View