Long-term Morphologic Fundus and Optic Nerve Head Pattern of Progressive Myopia in Congenital Glaucoma Distinguished by Age at First Surgery

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preservation of round optic nerve head (ONH) shape in myopic eyes of surgically treated congenital glaucoma patients, with regard to factors associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation-induced peripapillary scleral (PPS) deformation. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) on the ONH and macula, we identified myopic eyes with round ONH and internally oblique border tissue and those with non-round ONH. We investigated differences in clinical factors between the two groups. We included 51 eyes of 34 patients. Age at first surgery (2.8 vs. 15.2 months, P < 0.001) was significantly different between the two groups. Axial length was also significantly longer (P = 0.004) in the non-round group, but multiple logistic regression analysis revealed age as the only significant factor (P < 0.05) in ONH roundness. Interestingly, the round ONH group also had non-curved fundus morphology and a thick choroid, while the non-round ONH group showed diverse degrees of disc tilt and posterior pole curvature, and a thin choroid. In conclusion, in eyes with congenital glaucoma, age at first surgery, particularly when older than 6 months, was associated with round ONH and emmetropia-like fundus despite high myopia. The findings may indicate two different changes in the posterior sclera and the neural canal in response to the increased IOP.