Comparative Characterization of Viperidae Snake Venoms from Perú Reveals Two Compositional Patterns of Phospholipase A Expression

Overview

Journal Toxicon X

Specialty Toxicology

Date 2020 Jun 19

PMID 32550596

Citations 5

Authors

Bruno Lomonte

Cecilia Diaz

Fernando Chaves

Julian Fernandez

Marco Ruiz

Maria Salas

Alfonso Zavaleta

Juan J Calvete

Mahmood Sasa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Snake species within the complex () are of medical relevance in Latin America, but knowledge on their venom characteristics is limited, or even unavailable, for some taxa. Perú harbors 17 species of pit vipers, within the genera , , , , , and . This study compared the venoms of twelve species, through chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles, as well as proteolytic and phospholipase A (PLA) activities. Also, proteomic profiles were analyzed for nine of the venoms using a shotgun approach. Results unveiled conspicuous differences in the expression of venom PLAs among species, six of them presenting scarce levels as judged by RP-HPLC profiles. Since most species within the bothropoid lineage possess venoms with high to intermediate abundances of this protein family, our findings suggest the existence of a phenotypic duality in the expression of venom PLAs within the () complex. and venoms, very scarce in PLAs, were shown to lack significant myotoxic activity, highlighting that the observed variability in PLA expression bears toxicological correlations with effects attributed to these proteins. Finally, an attempt to identify phylogenetic relationships of bothropoid species from Perú presenting low- or high-PLA venom phenotypes showed an interspersed pattern, thus precluding a simple phylogenetic interpretation of this venom compositional dichotomy.

Citing Articles

A murine experimental model of the pulmonary thrombotic effect induced by the venom of the snake Bothrops lanceolatus.

Rucavado A, Camacho E, Escalante T, Lomonte B, Fernandez J, Solano D PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024; 18(10):e0012335.

PMID: 39356725 PMC: 11472959. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012335.

Venom Composition of Neglected Bothropoid Snakes from the Amazon Rainforest: Ecological and Toxinological Implications.

Freitas-de-Sousa L, Colombini M, Souza V, Silva J, Mota-da-Silva A, Almeida M Toxins (Basel). 2024; 16(2).

PMID: 38393161 PMC: 10891915. DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020083.

Biochemical and hemostatic description of a thrombin-like enzyme TLBro from snake venom.

Vilca-Quispe A, Alvarez-Risco A, Gomes Heleno M, Ponce-Fuentes E, Vera-Gonzales C, Zegarra-Aragon H Front Chem. 2023; 11:1217329.

PMID: 38099189 PMC: 10720248. DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1217329.

Elucidating the Venom Diversity in Sri Lankan Spectacled Cobra () through Venom Gland Transcriptomics, Venom Proteomics and Toxicity Neutralization.

Wong K, Tan K, Tan N, Gnanathasan C, Tan C Toxins (Basel). 2021; 13(8).

PMID: 34437429 PMC: 8402536. DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080558.

From birth to adulthood: An analysis of the Brazilian lancehead (Bothrops moojeni) venom at different life stages.

Hatakeyama D, Tasima L, da Costa Galizio N, Serino-Silva C, Bittencourt Rodrigues C, Stuginski D PLoS One. 2021; 16(6):e0253050.

PMID: 34111213 PMC: 8191990. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253050.

References

Ainsworth S, Petras D, Engmark M, Sussmuth R, Whiteley G, Albulescu L . The medical threat of mamba envenoming in sub-Saharan Africa revealed by genus-wide analysis of venom composition, toxicity and antivenomics profiling of available antivenoms. J Proteomics. 2017; 172:173-189. DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.08.016. View

Wuster W, Peppin L, Pook C, Walker D . A nesting of vipers: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Viperidae (Squamata: Serpentes). Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2008; 49(2):445-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.019. View

Silva-de-Franca F, Villas-Boas I, Serrano S, Cogliati B, Chudzinski S, Lopes P . Naja annulifera Snake: New insights into the venom components and pathogenesis of envenomation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019; 13(1):e0007017. PMC: 6338361. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007017. View

Dowell N, Giorgianni M, Kassner V, Selegue J, Sanchez E, Carroll S . The Deep Origin and Recent Loss of Venom Toxin Genes in Rattlesnakes. Curr Biol. 2016; 26(18):2434-2445. PMC: 5207034. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.038. View

Carrasco P, Venegas P, Chaparro J, Scrocchi G . Nomenclatural instability in the venomous snakes of the Bothrops complex: Implications in toxinology and public health. Toxicon. 2016; 119:122-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.05.014. View

Alape-Giron A, Sanz L, Escolano J, Flores-Diaz M, Madrigal M, Sasa M . Snake venomics of the lancehead pitviper Bothrops asper: geographic, individual, and ontogenetic variations. J Proteome Res. 2008; 7(8):3556-71. DOI: 10.1021/pr800332p. View

Gutierrez J, Lomonte B . Phospholipases A2: unveiling the secrets of a functionally versatile group of snake venom toxins. Toxicon. 2012; 62:27-39. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.09.006. View

Laing G, Yarleque A, Marcelo A, Rodriguez E, Warrell D, Theakston R . Preclinical testing of three South American antivenoms against the venoms of five medically-important Peruvian snake venoms. Toxicon. 2004; 44(1):103-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.03.020. View

Durban J, Perez A, Sanz L, Gomez A, Bonilla F, Rodriguez S . Integrated "omics" profiling indicates that miRNAs are modulators of the ontogenetic venom composition shift in the Central American rattlesnake, Crotalus simus simus. BMC Genomics. 2013; 14:234. PMC: 3660174. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-234. View

10.

Prezotto-Neto J, Kimura L, Alves A, Gutierrez J, Otero R, Suarez A . Biochemical and biological characterization of Bothriechis schlegelii snake venoms from Colombia and Costa Rica. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2016; 241(18):2075-2085. PMC: 5102131. DOI: 10.1177/1535370216660214. View

11.

Dowell N, Giorgianni M, Griffin S, Kassner V, Selegue J, Sanchez E . Extremely Divergent Haplotypes in Two Toxin Gene Complexes Encode Alternative Venom Types within Rattlesnake Species. Curr Biol. 2018; 28(7):1016-1026.e4. PMC: 6461038. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.031. View

12.

Calvete J . Venomics: integrative venom proteomics and beyond. Biochem J. 2017; 474(5):611-634. DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20160577. View

13.

Alencar L, Quental T, Grazziotin F, Alfaro M, Martins M, Venzon M . Diversification in vipers: Phylogenetic relationships, time of divergence and shifts in speciation rates. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2016; 105:50-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.029. View

14.

Guerra-Duarte C, Lopes-Peixoto J, Fonseca-de-Souza B, Stransky S, Oliveira D, Schneider F . Partial in vitro analysis of toxic and antigenic activities of eleven Peruvian pitviper snake venoms. Toxicon. 2015; 108:84-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.007. View

15.

Wang B, Mitchell-Olds T . Balancing selection and trans-specific polymorphisms. Genome Biol. 2017; 18(1):231. PMC: 5727885. DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1365-1. View

16.

Mora-Obando D, Diaz C, Angulo Y, Gutierrez J, Lomonte B . Role of enzymatic activity in muscle damage and cytotoxicity induced by Bothrops asper Asp49 phospholipase A2 myotoxins: are there additional effector mechanisms involved?. PeerJ. 2014; 2:e569. PMC: 4178460. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.569. View

17.

Estevao-Costa M, Gontijo S, Correia B, Yarleque A, Vivas-Ruiz D, Rodrigues E . Neutralization of toxicological activities of medically-relevant Bothrops snake venoms and relevant toxins by two polyvalent bothropic antivenoms produced in Peru and Brazil. Toxicon. 2016; 122:67-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.09.010. View

18.

Rojas E, Quesada L, Arce V, Lomonte B, Rojas G, Gutierrez J . Neutralization of four Peruvian Bothrops sp. snake venoms by polyvalent antivenoms produced in Perú and Costa Rica: preclinical assessment. Acta Trop. 2004; 93(1):85-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.09.008. View

19.

Chippaux J . Incidence and mortality due to snakebite in the Americas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017; 11(6):e0005662. PMC: 5495519. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005662. View

20.

Lomonte B, Tsai W, Bonilla F, Solorzano A, Solano G, Angulo Y . Snake venomics and toxicological profiling of the arboreal pitviper Bothriechis supraciliaris from Costa Rica. Toxicon. 2012; 59(5):592-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.01.005. View