Upper Limb Kinematics During the First Year After Stroke: the Stroke Arm Longitudinal Study at the University of Gothenburg (SALGOT)

Overview

Journal J Neuroeng Rehabil

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Biomedical Engineering
Neurology
Rehabilitation Medicine

Date 2020 Jun 17

PMID 32539738

Citations 14

Authors

Gyrd Thrane

Katharina Stibrant Sunnerhagen

Margit Alt Murphy

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Reduction of compensation and improved movement quality indicate recovery after stroke. Since clinical measures alone are often inadequate to distinguish between behavioral recovery and compensation, kinematic analysis of functional tasks has been recommended.

Objective: To quantify longitudinal changes and residual deficits in movement performance and quality during the first year after stroke using kinematic analysis of drinking task.

Methods: A total of 56 participants with first ever stroke causing upper extremity impairment were extracted from a non-selected stroke unit cohort (Stroke Arm Longitudinal Study at the University of Gothenburg-SALGOT). Participants needed to able to perform the drinking task with the more-affected arm at least on 2 occasions out of 6 (3 days, 10 days, 4 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months) during the first year to be included. A cohort of 60 healthy individuals was used as reference. Longitudinal changes were analyzed using linear mixed models.

Results: Movement time, number of movement units, peak angular velocity of the elbow, peak hand velocity, and trunk displacement improved significantly over the first 3 months with a peak at 6 months. Movement time and peak hand velocity reached levels comparable to healthy at 3 months, but number of movement units, peak elbow angular velocity, trunk displacement, and arm abduction remained different from healthy over the first year after stroke.

Conclusions: Even when the recovery patterns of kinematics follow the known nonlinear pattern, not all kinematic measures reach the levels in par with healthy controls at one year post stroke. Since the number of movement units, peak angular velocity, trunk displacement, and arm abduction remained impaired over the first year, they might be the most suited measures to distinguish behavioral recovery from compensation strategies.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials: NCT01115348. 4 May 2010. Retrospectively registered.

Citing Articles

A quantitative assessment of the hand kinematic features estimated by the oculus Quest 2.

Borzelli D, Boarini V, Casile A Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):8842.

PMID: 40087370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-91552-5.

Touchscreen-based assessment of upper limb kinematics after stroke: Reliability, validity and sensitivity to motor impairment.

Goizueta S, Navarro M, Calvo G, Campos G, Colomer C, Noe E J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2025; 22(1):27.

PMID: 39934877 PMC: 11817959. DOI: 10.1186/s12984-025-01563-6.

Evaluating inter- and intra-rater reliability in assessing upper limb compensatory movements post-stroke: creating a ground truth through video analysis?.

Sauerzopf L, Panduro C, Luft A, Kuhnis B, Gavagnin E, Unger T J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2024; 21(1):217.

PMID: 39702329 PMC: 11660698. DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01506-7.

Computer vision for kinematic metrics of the drinking task in a pilot study of neurotypical participants.

Huber J, Slone S, Bae J Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):20668.

PMID: 39237646 PMC: 11377576. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71470-8.

Measurement properties of movement smoothness metrics for upper limb reaching movements in people with moderate to severe subacute stroke.

Cornec G, Lempereur M, Mensah-Gourmel J, Robertson J, Miramand L, Medee B J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2024; 21(1):90.

PMID: 38812037 PMC: 11134951. DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01382-1.

References

Broeks J, Lankhorst G, Rumping K, Prevo A . The long-term outcome of arm function after stroke: results of a follow-up study. Disabil Rehabil. 1999; 21(8):357-64. DOI: 10.1080/096382899297459. View

Levin M, Kleim J, Wolf S . What do motor "recovery" and "compensation" mean in patients following stroke?. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009; 23(4):313-9. DOI: 10.1177/1545968308328727. View

Mandon L, Boudarham J, Robertson J, Bensmail D, Roche N, Roby-Brami A . Faster Reaching in Chronic Spastic Stroke Patients Comes at the Expense of Arm-Trunk Coordination. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015; 30(3):209-20. DOI: 10.1177/1545968315591704. View

Fellows S, Kaus C, Thilmann A . Voluntary movement at the elbow in spastic hemiparesis. Ann Neurol. 1994; 36(3):397-407. DOI: 10.1002/ana.410360311. View

Takahashi C, Reinkensmeyer D . Hemiparetic stroke impairs anticipatory control of arm movement. Exp Brain Res. 2003; 149(2):131-40. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-002-1340-1. View

van Kordelaar J, Wegen E, Kwakkel G . Impact of time on quality of motor control of the paretic upper limb after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013; 95(2):338-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.10.006. View

Thrane G, Alt Murphy M, Sunnerhagen K . Recovery of kinematic arm function in well-performing people with subacute stroke: a longitudinal cohort study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2018; 15(1):67. PMC: 6052713. DOI: 10.1186/s12984-018-0409-4. View

Lyden P, Lu M, Levine S, Brott T, Broderick J . A modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale for use in stroke clinical trials: preliminary reliability and validity. Stroke. 2001; 32(6):1310-7. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.32.6.1310. View

Hussain N, Sunnerhagen K, Alt Murphy M . End-point kinematics using virtual reality explaining upper limb impairment and activity capacity in stroke. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2019; 16(1):82. PMC: 6604147. DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0551-7. View

10.

Hothorn T, Bretz F, Westfall P . Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biom J. 2008; 50(3):346-63. DOI: 10.1002/bimj.200810425. View

11.

Archambault P, Pigeon P, Feldman A, Levin M . Recruitment and sequencing of different degrees of freedom during pointing movements involving the trunk in healthy and hemiparetic subjects. Exp Brain Res. 1999; 126(1):55-67. DOI: 10.1007/s002210050716. View

12.

van Dokkum L, Hauret I, Mottet D, Froger J, Metrot J, Laffont I . The contribution of kinematics in the assessment of upper limb motor recovery early after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013; 28(1):4-12. DOI: 10.1177/1545968313498514. View

13.

Alt Murphy M, Banina M, Levin M . Perceptuo-motor planning during functional reaching after stroke. Exp Brain Res. 2017; 235(11):3295-3306. PMC: 5649389. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5058-5. View

14.

Thrane G, Sunnerhagen K, Persson H, Opheim A, Alt Murphy M . Kinematic upper extremity performance in people with near or fully recovered sensorimotor function after stroke. Physiother Theory Pract. 2018; 35(9):822-832. DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1458929. View

15.

Cirstea M, Mitnitski A, Feldman A, Levin M . Interjoint coordination dynamics during reaching in stroke. Exp Brain Res. 2003; 151(3):289-300. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-003-1438-0. View

16.

Alt Murphy M, Murphy S, Persson H, Bergstrom U, Sunnerhagen K . Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments. J Vis Exp. 2018; (133). PMC: 5933268. DOI: 10.3791/57228. View

17.

Hammond M, Fitts S, Kraft G, Nutter P, Trotter M, Robinson L . Co-contraction in the hemiparetic forearm: quantitative EMG evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1988; 69(5):348-51. View

18.

Kwakkel G, Kollen B, Twisk J . Impact of time on improvement of outcome after stroke. Stroke. 2006; 37(9):2348-53. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000238594.91938.1e. View

19.

Beer R, Ellis M, Holubar B, Dewald J . Impact of gravity loading on post-stroke reaching and its relationship to weakness. Muscle Nerve. 2007; 36(2):242-50. PMC: 2866301. DOI: 10.1002/mus.20817. View

20.

Guidetti S, Ytterberg C, Ekstam L, Johansson U, Eriksson G . Changes in the impact of stroke between 3 and 12 months post-stroke, assessed with the Stroke Impact Scale. J Rehabil Med. 2014; 46(10):963-8. DOI: 10.2340/16501977-1865. View