Ticagrelor Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome to Protect Against Inflammatory Disease Independent of the P2Y Signaling Pathway

Ticagrelor is the first reversibly binding oral P2Y receptor antagonist to inhibit platelet activation and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of coronary artery disease. At present, the other pharmacological functions of ticagrelor remain poorly understood. The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a critical role in the innate immune system, but its excessive activation also contributes to the pathogenesis of complex diseases. In this study, we systematically examined the effects of ticagrelor on the NLRP3 inflammasome and found that ticagrelor inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages independent of its classic inhibitory effect on the P2Y signaling pathway. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that ticagrelor attenuates the oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) by blocking chloride efflux, an effect achieved through the degradation of chloride intracellular channel proteins (CLICs) and blockade of the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane. Moreover, experiments on lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis and alum-induced peritonitis in mice confirmed that ticagrelor mitigates the severity of systemic inflammation independent of P2Y receptor antagonism. Importantly, oral administration of ticagrelor rapidly and strongly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with acute coronary syndrome. Overall, our study reveals a novel pharmacological function of ticagrelor in addition to its classic antiplatelet properties, which suggests that ticagrelor may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for use in NLRP3-associated diseases.