Schizophyllum Commune Induced Oxidative Stress and Immunosuppressive Activity in Spodoptera Litura

Overview

Journal BMC Microbiol

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2020 May 31

PMID 32471364

Authors

Mandeep Kaur

Pooja Chadha

Sanehdeep Kaur

Amarjeet Kaur

Rajvir Kaur

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: In the last few decades, considerable attention has been paid to fungal endophytes as biocontrol agents, however little is known about their mode of action. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of an endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune by analyzing activities of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes as well as morphology of haemocytes using Spodoptera litura as a model.

Results: Ethyl acetate extract of S. commune was fed to the larvae of S. litura using the artificial diet having 276.54 μg/ml (LC of fungus) concentration for different time durations. Exposed groups revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the activities of various enzymes viz. Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-S-Transferase. Furthermore, haemocytes showed various deformities like breakage in the cell membrane, cytoplasmic leakage and appearance of strumae in the treated larvae. A drastic reduction in the percentage of normal haemocytes was recorded in the treated groups with respect to control.

Conclusion: The study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing and immunosuppressant potential of S. commune against S. litura and its considerable potential for incorporation in pest management programs.

References

Daisy B, Strobel G, Castillo U, Ezra D, Sears J, Weaver D . Naphthalene, an insect repellent, is produced by Muscodor vitigenus, a novel endophytic fungus. Microbiology (Reading). 2002; 148(Pt 11):3737-3741. DOI: 10.1099/00221287-148-11-3737. View

Huffman J, Gerber R, Du L . Recent advancements in the biosynthetic mechanisms for polyketide-derived mycotoxins. Biopolymers. 2010; 93(9):764-76. PMC: 2894268. DOI: 10.1002/bip.21483. View

Sanchez-Gomez F, Diez-Dacal B, Garcia-Martin E, Agundez J, Pajares M, Perez-Sala D . Detoxifying Enzymes at the Cross-Roads of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Drug Hypersensitivity: Role of Glutathione Transferase P1-1 and Aldose Reductase. Front Pharmacol. 2016; 7:237. PMC: 4973429. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00237. View

Karthi S, Sankari R, Shivakumar M . Ultraviolet-B light induced oxidative stress: effects on antioxidant response of Spodoptera litura. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2014; 135:1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.04.008. View

Ali A, Rashid M, Huang Q, Lei C . Influence of UV-A radiation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017; 24(9):8392-8398. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8514-7. View

Hoffmann J . Innate immunity of insects. Curr Opin Immunol. 1995; 7(1):4-10. DOI: 10.1016/0952-7915(95)80022-0. View

Fiorotti J, Menna-Barreto R, Golo P, Coutinho-Rodrigues C, Bitencourt R, Spadacci-Morena D . Ultrastructural and Cytotoxic Effects of Infection on Hemocytes. Front Physiol. 2019; 10:654. PMC: 6548823. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00654. View

Giglio A, Battistella S, Talarico F, Brandmayr T, Giulianini P . Circulating hemocytes from larvae and adults of Carabus (Chaetocarabus) lefebvrei Dejean 1826 (Coleoptera, Carabidae): cell types and their role in phagocytosis after in vivo artificial non-self-challenge. Micron. 2007; 39(5):552-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.07.004. View

Krishnan N, Sehnal F . Compartmentalization of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in the larval gut of Spodoptera littoralis. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2006; 63(1):1-10. DOI: 10.1002/arch.20135. View

10.

Li X, Luo L, Karthi S, Zhang K, Luo J, Hu Q . Effects of 200 Gy Co-γ Radiation on the Regulation of Antioxidant Enzymes, Hsp70 Genes, and Serum Molecules of (Linnaeus). Molecules. 2018; 23(5). PMC: 6099622. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051011. View

11.

Jia M, Cao G, Li Y, Tu X, Wang G, Nong X . Biochemical basis of synergism between pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and insecticide chlorantraniliprole in Locusta migratoria (Meyen). Sci Rep. 2016; 6:28424. PMC: 4916465. DOI: 10.1038/srep28424. View

12.

Kaur M, Chadha P, Kaur S, Kaur A, Yadav A, Kaur R . Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus flavus on Spodoptera litura. J Appl Microbiol. 2018; 126(3):881-893. DOI: 10.1111/jam.14105. View

13.

Lavine M, Strand M . Insect hemocytes and their role in immunity. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2002; 32(10):1295-309. DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00092-9. View

14.

Duan Y, Wu H, Ma Z, Yang L, Ma D . Scanning electron microscopy and histopathological observations of Beauveria bassiana infection of Colorado potato beetle larvae. Microb Pathog. 2017; 111:435-439. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.025. View

15.

Singh B, Thakur A, Kaur S, Chadha B, Kaur A . acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and insecticidal activity of an endophytic Alternaria sp. from Ricinus communis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2012; 168(5):991-1002. DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9835-0. View

16.

Silva J, Boleli I, Simoes Z . Hemocyte types and total and differential counts in unparasitized and parasitized Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera, Tephritidae) larvae. Braz J Biol. 2003; 62(4A):689-99. DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842002000400017. View

17.

Kaur M, Chadha P, Kaur S, Kaur A, Kaur R, Yadav A . Schizophyllum commune induced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in Spodoptera litura. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1):4693. PMC: 5856757. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22919-0. View

18.

Arnold A, Mejia L, Kyllo D, Rojas E, Maynard Z, Robbins N . Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(26):15649-54. PMC: 307622. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2533483100. View

19.

Ahmad S . Oxidative stress from environmental pollutants. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 1995; 29(2):135-57. DOI: 10.1002/arch.940290205. View

20.

Chaurasia A, Lone Y, Wani O, Gupta U . Effect of certain entomopathogenic fungi on oxidative stress and mortality of Periplaneta americana. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2016; 127:28-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.09.002. View