The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or N-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19

Overview

Journal Protein J

Publisher Springer

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 2020 May 25

PMID 32447571

Citations 282

Authors

Francis K Yoshimoto

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The devastating effects of the recent global pandemic (termed COVID-19 for "coronavirus disease 2019") caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) are paramount with new cases and deaths growing at an exponential rate. In order to provide a better understanding of SARS CoV-2, this article will review the proteins found in the SARS CoV-2 that caused this global pandemic.

Citing Articles

Subcellular localization of SARS-CoV-2 E and 3a proteins along the secretory pathway.

Hinkle J, Trychta K, Wires E, Osborn R, Leach J, Faraz Z J Mol Histol. 2025; 56(2):98.

PMID: 40025386 PMC: 11872775. DOI: 10.1007/s10735-025-10375-w.

Selective Control by L. and Its Carotenoid Zeaxanthin on SARS-CoV-2 Virus.

Pennisi R, Gentile D, Trischitta P, Barreca D, Rescifina A, Mandalari G Int J Mol Sci. 2025; 26(4).

PMID: 40004129 PMC: 11855127. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26041667.

Investigating DNA damage caused by COVID-19 and influenza in post COVID-19.

Abiri E, Mirzaii M, Moghbeli M, Atashi A, Harati A Mamm Genome. 2024; 36(1):200-212.

PMID: 39537997 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10082-z.

SARS-CoV-2 Displays a Suboptimal Codon Usage Bias for Efficient Translation in Human Cells Diverted by Hijacking the tRNA Epitranscriptome.

Eldin P, David A, Hirtz C, Battini J, Briant L Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(21).

PMID: 39519170 PMC: 11546939. DOI: 10.3390/ijms252111614.

Perspective for Drug Discovery Targeting SARS Coronavirus Methyltransferases: Function, Structure and Inhibition.

Li X, Song Y J Med Chem. 2024; 67(21):18642-18655.

PMID: 39478665 PMC: 11787806. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01749.

References

Schoeman D, Fielding B . Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge. Virol J. 2019; 16(1):69. PMC: 6537279. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1182-0. View

Zhao S, Ge X, Wang X, Liu A, Guo X, Zhou L . The DEAD-box RNA helicase 5 positively regulates the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by interacting with viral Nsp9 in vitro. Virus Res. 2014; 195:217-24. PMC: 7114378. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.10.021. View

Pati M, Hornick J, Niso M, Berardi F, Spitzer D, Abate C . Sigma-2 receptor agonist derivatives of 1-Cyclohexyl-4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperazine (PB28) induce cell death via mitochondrial superoxide production and caspase activation in pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer. 2017; 17(1):51. PMC: 5237291. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-3040-4. View

Bhardwaj K, Guarino L, Kao C . The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Nsp15 protein is an endoribonuclease that prefers manganese as a cofactor. J Virol. 2004; 78(22):12218-24. PMC: 525082. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.22.12218-12224.2004. View

Kim Y, Jedrzejczak R, Maltseva N, Wilamowski M, Endres M, Godzik A . Crystal structure of Nsp15 endoribonuclease NendoU from SARS-CoV-2. Protein Sci. 2020; 29(7):1596-1605. PMC: 7264519. DOI: 10.1002/pro.3873. View

Lurie N, Saville M, Hatchett R, Halton J . Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(21):1969-1973. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2005630. View

Zhou P, Yang X, Wang X, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W . A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020; 579(7798):270-273. PMC: 7095418. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. View

Liu D, Fung T, Chong K, Shukla A, Hilgenfeld R . Accessory proteins of SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses. Antiviral Res. 2014; 109:97-109. PMC: 7113789. DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.06.013. View

Hilgenfeld R . From SARS to MERS: crystallographic studies on coronaviral proteases enable antiviral drug design. FEBS J. 2014; 281(18):4085-96. PMC: 7163996. DOI: 10.1111/febs.12936. View

10.

Weiss S, Navas-Martin S . Coronavirus pathogenesis and the emerging pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2005; 69(4):635-64. PMC: 1306801. DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.69.4.635-664.2005. View

11.

Le T, Wong H, Tay F, Fang S, Keng C, Tan Y . Expression, post-translational modification and biochemical characterization of proteins encoded by subgenomic mRNA8 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. FEBS J. 2007; 274(16):4211-22. PMC: 7164070. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05947.x. View

12.

Firth A, Brierley I . Non-canonical translation in RNA viruses. J Gen Virol. 2012; 93(Pt 7):1385-1409. PMC: 3542737. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.042499-0. View

13.

Te Velthuis A, van den Worm S, Snijder E . The SARS-coronavirus nsp7+nsp8 complex is a unique multimeric RNA polymerase capable of both de novo initiation and primer extension. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011; 40(4):1737-47. PMC: 3287201. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr893. View

14.

Ruch T, Machamer C . The coronavirus E protein: assembly and beyond. Viruses. 2012; 4(3):363-82. PMC: 3347032. DOI: 10.3390/v4030363. View

15.

Prajapat M, Sarma P, Shekhar N, Avti P, Sinha S, Kaur H . Drug targets for corona virus: A systematic review. Indian J Pharmacol. 2020; 52(1):56-65. PMC: 7074424. DOI: 10.4103/ijp.IJP_115_20. View

16.

Tomar S, Johnston M, St John S, Osswald H, Nyalapatla P, Paul L . Ligand-induced Dimerization of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus nsp5 Protease (3CLpro): IMPLICATIONS FOR nsp5 REGULATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIVIRALS. J Biol Chem. 2015; 290(32):19403-22. PMC: 4528106. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M115.651463. View

17.

Ivanov K, Thiel V, Dobbe J, van der Meer Y, Snijder E, Ziebuhr J . Multiple enzymatic activities associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus helicase. J Virol. 2004; 78(11):5619-32. PMC: 415832. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.11.5619-5632.2004. View

18.

Chan J, Kok K, Zhu Z, Chu H, To K, Yuan S . Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9(1):221-236. PMC: 7067204. DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902. View

19.

Bhardwaj K, Palaninathan S, Alcantara J, Li Yi L, Guarino L, Sacchettini J . Structural and functional analyses of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus endoribonuclease Nsp15. J Biol Chem. 2007; 283(6):3655-3664. PMC: 8740563. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M708375200. View

20.

Cagliani R, Forni D, Clerici M, Sironi M . Computational Inference of Selection Underlying the Evolution of the Novel Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. J Virol. 2020; 94(12). PMC: 7307108. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00411-20. View