Role of the Initial Degree of Anaemia and Treatment Model in the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Patients Treated by Chemotherapy: a Retrospective Analysis

Background: Anaemia is highly prevalent in gastric cancer (GC) patients. The role of initial haemoglobin levels in predicting the prognosis of GC patients treated by chemotherapy has not been well determined. Our present study aims to evaluate the relationship between the degree of anaemia and the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with GC.

Methods: Our retrospective study enrolled 598 patients who were treated with chemotherapy when the recurrent or metastatic GCs were unsuitable for surgical resection. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors that had the potential to affect patient prognosis. Additionally, the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics, including treatment method, and degree of cancer-related reduction in haemoglobin was further analysed.

Results: Our results revealed that patients with HB level ≤ 80 g/L had a trend toward a shortened median OS and PFS (p = 0.009 and p = 0.049, respectively). Interestingly, we also found that HB ≥ 30 g/L was associated with a significantly shortened median OS and PFS (p = 0.039 and p = 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that HB levels ≤80 g/L could be used as an independent prognostic factor for recurrent and metastatic GC. More importantly, HB ≥ 30 g/L and treatment response were also significantly associated with OS and PFS. Furthermore, the degree of haemoglobin decrease was associated with chemotherapy including platinum and the number of chemotherapy cycles.

Conclusion: Our study concludes that the initial degree of anaemia and a decrease in haemoglobin of ≥30 g/L can serve as biomarkers to predict prognosis in recurrent or metastatic GC patients, while chemotherapy treatment rather than red blood cell (RBC) transfusion can improve their prognosis. Additionally, platinum should not be recommended for treating severely anaemic GC patients.