Root, Not Leaf, Can Enhance Thermogenic Capacity and Mitochondrial Function in Mice

Overview

Journal Pharm Biol

Specialties Pharmacology
Pharmacy

Date 2020 May 6

PMID 32366153

Authors

Su-Hui Wu

Han-Bing Li

Gen-Lin Li

Yue-Juan Qi

Juan Zhang

Bai-Yan Wang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) root and leaf have always been considered in the traditional theory as and properties, respectively. To clarify the and properties of ginseng root and leaf from a thermodynamic viewpoint. Thirty ICR male mice were randomly assigned to control (water), ginseng root group (GRP) and ginseng leaf group (GLP) with a concentration of 0.075 g/mL; the volume was 0.1 mL/10 g (body mass) per day by intragastric administration for 20 days. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) was used to determine quality control through seven ginsenosides contained in ginseng root and leaf. Rest metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure were monitored every 9 days by TSE System. At the 20 day, serum T3 or T4, liver or brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondrial respiration were investigated. The quality control of GRP and GLP were within requirements of 2015 China Pharmacopoeia. The RMR (mLO/h) in GLP (47.95 ± 4.20) was significantly lower than control (52.10 ± 4.79) and GRP (55.35 ± 4.48). Mitochondrial protein concentration and respiration were significantly increased in GRP (BAT, 79.12 ± 2 .08 mg/g, 239.89 ± 10.24 nmol O/min/g tissue; Liver, 201.02 ± 10.89, 202.44 ± 3.24) and decreased in GLP (BAT, 53.42 ± 3.48, 153.49 ± 5.58; Liver, 138.69 ± 5.69, 104.50 ± 6.25) compared with control. The and properties of ginseng root and leaf are correlated with thermogenic capacity and mitochondrial function of BAT and liver, which deserve to further research.

References

Zhao Z, Wang D . Short photoperiod enhances thermogenic capacity in Brandt's voles. Physiol Behav. 2005; 85(2):143-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.03.014. View

Wang L, Lee T . Effect of ginseng saponins on cold tolerance in young and elderly rats. Planta Med. 2000; 66(2):144-7. DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-11122. View

Xu X, Dou D . The ginseng's fireness is associated with the lowering activity of liver Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016; 190:241-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.024. View

Lanni A, Moreno M, Lombardi A, Goglia F . Thyroid hormone and uncoupling proteins. FEBS Lett. 2003; 543(1-3):5-10. DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00320-x. View

Wang Y, Zhou S, Wang M, Liu S, Hu Y, He C . UHPLC/Q-TOFMS-based metabolomics for the characterization of cold and hot properties of Chinese materia medica. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016; 179:234-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.061. View

Cannon B, Nedergaard J . Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol Rev. 2004; 84(1):277-359. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2003. View

Liu X, Li Q, Huang C, Sun R . Effects of thyroid status on cold-adaptive thermogenesis in Brandt's vole, Microtus brandti. Physiol Zool. 1997; 70(3):352-61. View

Kumar R, Grover S, Divekar H, Gupta A, Shyam R, Srivastava K . Enhanced thermogenesis in rats by Panax ginseng, multivitamins and minerals. Int J Biometeorol. 1996; 39(4):187-91. DOI: 10.1007/BF01221390. View

Zhou C, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Xia X, Zhao H . Investigation of the differences between the "Cold" and "Hot" nature of Coptis chinensis Franch and its processed materials based on animal's temperature tropism. Sci China C Life Sci. 2009; 52(11):1073-80. DOI: 10.1007/s11427-009-0146-9. View

10.

Hong B, Do M, Her Y, Lee Y, Kang T . The Effects of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius on Thermoregulation in Animal Models. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; 2015:748041. PMC: 4331477. DOI: 10.1155/2015/748041. View

11.

Mullur R, Liu Y, Brent G . Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2014; 94(2):355-82. PMC: 4044302. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2013. View

12.

Virtanen K, Lidell M, Orava J, Heglind M, Westergren R, Niemi T . Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360(15):1518-25. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808949. View

13.

Zhao Y, Wang J, Xiao X, Zhao H, Zhou C, Zhang X . Study on the cold and hot properties of medicinal herbs by thermotropism in mice behavior. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010; 133(3):980-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.014. View

14.

Goglia F, Silvestri E, Lanni A . Thyroid hormones and mitochondria. Biosci Rep. 2002; 22(1):17-32. DOI: 10.1023/a:1016056905347. View

15.

Zhang X, Wang D . Thermogenesis, food intake and serum leptin in cold-exposed lactating Brandt's voles Lasiopodomys brandtii. J Exp Biol. 2007; 210(Pt 3):512-21. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02659. View

16.

Li Y, Yan Z, Wang D . Physiological and biochemical basis of basal metabolic rates in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2010; 157(3):204-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.183. View

17.

Broeders E, Vijgen G, Havekes B, Bouvy N, Mottaghy F, Kars M . Thyroid Hormone Activates Brown Adipose Tissue and Increases Non-Shivering Thermogenesis--A Cohort Study in a Group of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients. PLoS One. 2016; 11(1):e0145049. PMC: 4718641. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145049. View

18.

Oelkrug R, Polymeropoulos E, Jastroch M . Brown adipose tissue: physiological function and evolutionary significance. J Comp Physiol B. 2015; 185(6):587-606. DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0907-7. View

19.

Zhang X, Wang D . Energy metabolism, thermogenesis and body mass regulation in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) during cold acclimation and rewarming. Horm Behav. 2006; 50(1):61-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.01.005. View

20.

Cho H, Kim J, Lee J, Kim Y . Effects of extracts prepared at different steaming times on thermogenesis in rats. J Ginseng Res. 2017; 41(3):347-352. PMC: 5489762. DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.07.001. View