Does Vitamin D Status Predict Weight Gain or Increase in Waist Circumference? Results from the Longitudinal Health 2000/2011 Survey

Overview

Journal Public Health Nutr

Publisher Cambridge University Press

Date 2020 Mar 25

PMID 32204746

Citations 3

Authors

Tuija Jaaskelainen

Satu Mannisto

Tommi Harkanen

Katri Saaksjarvi

Seppo Koskinen

Annamari Lundqvist

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether vitamin D status predicts weight gain or increase in waist circumference during the 11-year follow-up in general adult population.

Design: A population-based longitudinal study.

Setting: The study was conducted using data from the nationally representative Health 2000/2011 Survey. The analyses were based on regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

Participants: Weight, waist circumference and vitamin D status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration analysed with radioimmunoassay) were measured from 2924 participants aged 30-64 years at baseline.

Results: In men, low vitamin D status at baseline predicted ≥10 % increase in waist circumference during the follow-up when adjusted for age only (OR for sufficient v. deficient S-25(OH)D 0·41; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·67; P for trend <0·01), but the association with weight gain was only borderline significant. After adjustment for potential confounders, low vitamin D status remained a significant predictor of increase in waist circumference, but the association with weight gain was further attenuated. In women, vitamin D status at baseline did not predict weight gain or increase in waist circumference.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that vitamin D insufficiency may be a risk factor of abdominal obesity among men but not among women. In men, it may also increase the risk of weight gain. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and examine potential mechanisms behind them. There is also a possibility that vitamin D is a biomarker of healthy lifestyle rather than an independent risk factor for obesity.

Citing Articles

Machine Learning-Driven Prediction of Vitamin D Deficiency Severity with Hybrid Optimization.

Bhimavarapu U, Battineni G, Chintalapudi N Bioengineering (Basel). 2025; 12(2).

PMID: 40001720 PMC: 11851698. DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12020200.

Vitamin D and Weight Change: A Mendelian Randomization, Prospective Study.

Patriota P, Rezzi S, Guessous I, Marques-Vidal P Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(19).

PMID: 36232402 PMC: 9569579. DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911100.

No Association between Vitamin D and Weight Gain: A Prospective, Population-Based Study.

Patriota P, Rezzi S, Guessous I, Marques-Vidal P Nutrients. 2022; 14(15).

PMID: 35956360 PMC: 9370694. DOI: 10.3390/nu14153185.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in relation to weight change and the risk of weight gain in adults of normal weight at baseline: the Norwegian HUNT cohort study.

Heitz A, Mai X, Chen Y, Sun Y BMJ Open. 2020; 10(9):e039192.

PMID: 32978203 PMC: 7520844. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039192.

References

Vogt S, Zierer A, Laxy M, Koenig W, Linkohr B, Linseisen J . Association of serum vitamin D with change in weight and total body fat in a German cohort of older adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015; 70(1):136-9. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.89. View

Sempos C, Vesper H, Phinney K, Thienpont L, Coates P . Vitamin D status as an international issue: national surveys and the problem of standardization. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 2012; 243:32-40. DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.681935. View

Jaaskelainen T, Knekt P, Marniemi J, Sares-Jaske L, Mannisto S, Heliovaara M . Vitamin D status is associated with sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and metabolic health. Eur J Nutr. 2012; 52(2):513-25. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0354-0. View

Cashman K, Dowling K, Skrabakova Z, Kiely M, Lamberg-Allardt C, Durazo-Arvizu R . Standardizing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data from four Nordic population samples using the Vitamin D Standardization Program protocols: Shedding new light on vitamin D status in Nordic individuals. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2015; 75(7):549-61. DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1057898. View

Young K, Engelman C, Langefeld C, Hairston K, Haffner S, Bryer-Ash M . Association of plasma vitamin D levels with adiposity in Hispanic and African Americans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94(9):3306-13. PMC: 2741711. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0079. View

Jorde R, Sneve M, Emaus N, Figenschau Y, Grimnes G . Cross-sectional and longitudinal relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and body mass index: the Tromsø study. Eur J Nutr. 2010; 49(7):401-7. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0098-7. View

Kirsty Pourshahidi L . Vitamin D and obesity: current perspectives and future directions. Proc Nutr Soc. 2014; 74(2):115-24. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665114001578. View

Lehtinen-Jacks S, Leu Agelii M, Hunsberger M, Zetterberg H, Lissner L . Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in middle-aged women in relationship to adiposity and height trajectories over three decades. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016; 70(6):709-14. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.11. View

Gonzalez-Molero I, Rojo-Martinez G, Morcillo S, Gutierrez C, Rubio E, Perez-Valero V . Hypovitaminosis D and incidence of obesity: a prospective study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013; 67(6):680-2. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.48. View

10.

Huxley R, Mendis S, Zheleznyakov E, Reddy S, Chan J . Body mass index, waist circumference and waist:hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular risk--a review of the literature. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009; 64(1):16-22. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.68. View

11.

Holick M . Vitamin D status: measurement, interpretation, and clinical application. Ann Epidemiol. 2008; 19(2):73-8. PMC: 2665033. DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.12.001. View

12.

Jamal-Allial A, Griffith J, Tucker K . The longitudinal association of vitamin D serum concentrations & adiposity phenotype. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013; 144 Pt A:185-8. PMC: 4055547. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.004. View

13.

Wortsman J, Matsuoka L, Chen T, Lu Z, Holick M . Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72(3):690-3. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.3.690. View

14.

Jaaskelainen T, Itkonen S, Lundqvist A, Erkkola M, Koskela T, Lakkala K . The positive impact of general vitamin D food fortification policy on vitamin D status in a representative adult Finnish population: evidence from an 11-y follow-up based on standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D data. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017; 105(6):1512-1520. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.151415. View

15.

Holick M . Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357(3):266-81. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra070553. View

16.

Mai X, Chen Y, Camargo Jr C, Langhammer A . Cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and obesity in adults: the HUNT study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012; 175(10):1029-36. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr456. View

17.

Pereira-Santos M, Costa P, Assis A, Santos C, Santos D . Obesity and vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2015; 16(4):341-9. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12239. View

18.

Kilkkinen A, Knekt P, Aro A, Rissanen H, Marniemi J, Heliovaara M . Vitamin D status and the risk of cardiovascular disease death. Am J Epidemiol. 2009; 170(8):1032-9. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp227. View

19.

Saneei P, Salehi-Abargouei A, Esmaillzadeh A . Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in relation to body mass index: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2013; 14(5):393-404. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12016. View

20.

Graubard B, Korn E . Predictive margins with survey data. Biometrics. 2001; 55(2):652-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.00652.x. View