Infectious Diseases and the Lymphoid Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: A Focus on Conduit System

Overview

Journal Cells

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Biophysics
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Date 2020 Mar 20

PMID 32187985

Citations 9

Authors

Fernanda N Morgado

Aurea Virginia A da Silva

Renato Porrozzi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The conduit system was described in lymphoid organs as a tubular and reticular set of structures compounded by collagen, laminin, perlecan, and heparin sulfate proteoglycan wrapped by reticular fibroblasts. This tubular system is capable of rapidly transport small molecules such as viruses, antigens, chemokines, cytokines, and immunoglobulins through lymphoid organs. This structure plays an important role in guiding the cells to their particular niches, therefore participating in cell cooperation, antigen presentation, and cellular activation. The remodeling of conduits has been described in chronic inflammation and infectious diseases to improve the transport of antigens to specific T and B cells in lymphoid tissue. However, malnutrition and infectious agents may induce extracellular matrix remodeling directly or indirectly, leading to the microarchitecture disorganization of secondary lymphoid organs and their conduit system. In this process, the fibers and cells that compound the conduit system may also be altered, which affects the development of a specific immune response. This review aims to discuss the extracellular matrix remodeling during infectious diseases with an emphasis on the alterations of molecules from the conduit system, which damages the cellular and molecular transit in secondary lymphoid organs compromising the immune response.

Citing Articles

Lethal COVID-19 associates with RAAS-induced inflammation for multiple organ damage including mediastinal lymph nodes.

Topper M, Guarnieri J, Haltom J, Chadburn A, Cope H, Frere J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024; 121(49):e2401968121.

PMID: 39602262 PMC: 11626201. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401968121.

Mechanical forces amplify TCR mechanotransduction in T cell activation and function.

Jeffreys N, Brockman J, Zhai Y, Ingber D, Mooney D Appl Phys Rev. 2024; 11(1):011304.

PMID: 38434676 PMC: 10848667. DOI: 10.1063/5.0166848.

An Organotypic Human Lymph Node Model Reveals the Importance of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells for Dendritic Cell Function.

Morrison A, Mikula A, Spiekstra S, de Kok M, Affandi A, Roest H Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2023; 21(3):455-471.

PMID: 38114886 PMC: 10987465. DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00609-x.

Molecular cues for immune cells from small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans in their extracellular matrix-associated and free forms.

Maiti G, Ashworth S, Choi T, Chakravarti S Matrix Biol. 2023; 123:48-58.

PMID: 37793508 PMC: 10841460. DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.10.001.

Reprogramming of sentinel lymph node microenvironment during tumor metastasis.

Li Y, Hung W J Biomed Sci. 2022; 29(1):84.

PMID: 36266717 PMC: 9583492. DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00868-1.

References

Bryant-Greenwood G . The extracellular matrix of the human fetal membranes: structure and function. Placenta. 1998; 19(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(98)90092-3. View

Zhang H, Apfelroth S, Hu W, Davis E, Sanguineti C, Bonadio J . Structure and expression of fibrillin-2, a novel microfibrillar component preferentially located in elastic matrices. J Cell Biol. 1994; 124(5):855-63. PMC: 2119952. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.124.5.855. View

Furler R, Newcombe K, Del Rio Estrada P, Reyes-Teran G, Uittenbogaart C, Nixon D . Histoarchitectural Deterioration of Lymphoid Tissues in HIV-1 Infection and in Aging. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2019; 35(11-12):1148-1159. PMC: 6862967. DOI: 10.1089/AID.2019.0156. View

Mebius R, Kraal G . Structure and function of the spleen. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005; 5(8):606-16. DOI: 10.1038/nri1669. View

Filla M, Dimeo K, Tong T, Peters D . Disruption of fibronectin matrix affects type IV collagen, fibrillin and laminin deposition into extracellular matrix of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. Exp Eye Res. 2017; 165:7-19. PMC: 5705399. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.017. View

Silva J, Andrade A, Santana C, Santos L, de Oliveira C, Veras P . Low CXCL13 expression, splenic lymphoid tissue atrophy and germinal center disruption in severe canine visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS One. 2012; 7(1):e29103. PMC: 3252310. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029103. View

Lin Y, Louie D, Ganguly A, Wu D, Huang P, Liao S . Elastin Shapes Small Molecule Distribution in Lymph Node Conduits. J Immunol. 2018; 200(9):3142-3150. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800074. View

Tellier M, Greco G, Klotman M, Mosoian A, Cara A, Arap W . Superfibronectin, a multimeric form of fibronectin, increases HIV infection of primary CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 2000; 164(6):3236-45. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.6.3236. View

Lin Y, Leung G, Louie D, Bogoslowski A, Ross J, Kubes P . Perinodal Adipose Tissue Participates in Immune Protection through a Lymphatic Vessel-Independent Route. J Immunol. 2018; 201(1):296-305. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800151. View

10.

Moseman E, Iannacone M, Bosurgi L, Tonti E, Chevrier N, Tumanov A . B cell maintenance of subcapsular sinus macrophages protects against a fatal viral infection independent of adaptive immunity. Immunity. 2012; 36(3):415-26. PMC: 3359130. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.013. View

11.

Vilar-Pereira G, Resende Pereira I, Ruivo L, Cruz Moreira O, da Silva A, Britto C . Combination Chemotherapy with Suboptimal Doses of Benznidazole and Pentoxifylline Sustains Partial Reversion of Experimental Chagas' Heart Disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016; 60(7):4297-309. PMC: 4914640. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02123-15. View

12.

Moe R . ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCE OF THE PARENCHYMA OF LYMPH NODES. Am J Anat. 1964; 114:341-69. DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001140211. View

13.

Ibrahim M, Barnes J, Anstead G, Jimenez F, Travi B, Peniche A . The malnutrition-related increase in early visceralization of Leishmania donovani is associated with a reduced number of lymph node phagocytes and altered conduit system flow. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013; 7(8):e2329. PMC: 3744437. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002329. View

14.

dAmaro R, Scheidegger R, Blumer S, Pazera P, Katsaros C, Graf D . Putative functions of extracellular matrix glycoproteins in secondary palate morphogenesis. Front Physiol. 2012; 3:377. PMC: 3457052. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00377. View

15.

Kaldjian E, Gretz J, Anderson A, Shi Y, Shaw S . Spatial and molecular organization of lymph node T cell cortex: a labyrinthine cavity bounded by an epithelium-like monolayer of fibroblastic reticular cells anchored to basement membrane-like extracellular matrix. Int Immunol. 2001; 13(10):1243-53. DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.10.1243. View

16.

Biro E, Kocsis K, Nagy N, Molnar D, Kabell S, Palya V . Origin of the chicken splenic reticular cells influences the effect of the infectious bursal disease virus on the extracellular matrix. Avian Pathol. 2011; 40(2):199-206. DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2011.554797. View

17.

Estes J . Pathobiology of HIV/SIV-associated changes in secondary lymphoid tissues. Immunol Rev. 2013; 254(1):65-77. PMC: 6066369. DOI: 10.1111/imr.12070. View

18.

Hons M, Sixt M . The lymph node filter revealed. Nat Immunol. 2015; 16(4):338-40. DOI: 10.1038/ni.3126. View

19.

Gretz J, Anderson A, Shaw S . Cords, channels, corridors and conduits: critical architectural elements facilitating cell interactions in the lymph node cortex. Immunol Rev. 1997; 156:11-24. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1997.tb00955.x. View

20.

Bajenoff M, Germain R . B-cell follicle development remodels the conduit system and allows soluble antigen delivery to follicular dendritic cells. Blood. 2009; 114(24):4989-97. PMC: 2788973. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-229567. View