Executive Functioning, Adaptive Skills, Emotional and Behavioral Profile: A Comparison Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Phenylketonuria

Overview

Journal Mol Genet Metab Rep

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2020 Mar 18

PMID 32181141

Citations 3

Authors

Barbara Trimarco

Filippo Manti

Francesca Nardecchia

Sergio Melogno

Mara Testa

Giovanni Meledandri

Claudia Carducci

Roberta Penge

Vincenzo Leuzzi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Influential theories maintain that some of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) core symptoms may arise from deficits in executive functions (EF). EF deficits are also considered a neuropsychological marker of early treated individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU). Aims of this study were: to verify the occurrence and patterns of specific EF impairments in both clinical groups; to explore the coexistence of EF alterations with adaptive, behavioral and emotional problems in each clinical condition.

Material And Methods: We assessed EF, adaptive, behavioral and emotional profile in 21 participants with ASD, 15 early treated PKU individuals, comparable for age and IQ, and 14 controls, comparable for age to the clinical groups (age range: 7-14 years).

Results: ASD and PKU participants presented two different, but partially overlapping patterns of EF impairment. While ASD participants showed a specific deficit in cognitive flexibility only, PKU individuals showed a more extensive impairment in EF with a weaker performance in two core EF domains (inhibition, cognitive flexibility) as compared to healthy controls. Psychological and adaptive profile was typical in PKU participants, while ASD participants experienced behavioral (externalizing symptoms), emotional (internalizing symptoms) and adaptive disorders (general, practical, social domains).

Conclusions: Present results support the view of a relative disengagement of adaptive and emotional-behavioral profile with respect to EF skills and suggest that other dysfunctions contribute to the multidimensional phenotype of ASD participants.

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