An Update on Thiol Signaling: S-Nitrosothiols, Hydrogen Sulfide and a Putative Role for Thionitrous Acid

Overview

Journal Antioxidants (Basel)

Date 2020 Mar 14

PMID 32164188

Citations 17

Authors

Nadzeya Marozkina

Benjamin Gaston

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Long considered vital to antioxidant defenses, thiol chemistry has more recently been recognized to be of fundamental importance to cell signaling. S-nitrosothiols-such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)-and hydrogen sulfide (HS) are physiologic signaling thiols that are regulated enzymatically. Current evidence suggests that they modify target protein function primarily through post-translational modifications. GSNO is made by NOS and other metalloproteins; HS by metabolism of cysteine, homocysteine and cystathionine precursors. GSNO generally acts independently of NO generation and has a variety of gene regulatory, immune modulator, vascular, respiratory and neuronal effects. Some of this physiology is shared with HS, though the mechanisms differ. Recent evidence also suggests that molecules resulting from reactions between GSNO and HS, such as thionitrous acid (HSNO), could also have a role in physiology. Taken together, these data suggest important new potential targets for thiol-based drug development.

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