Impact of the Glycemic Control and Duration of Type 2 Diabetes on Vitamin D Level and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Background And Aims: To investigate the impact of glycemic control and T2D duration on vitamin D status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Saudi patients.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted in King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia. A total of 25 nondiabetic controls and 92 patients with confirmed T2D, aged 20-60 years, were included. Patients with T2D were divided into the following groups based on disease duration (newly diagnosed: ≈6 months and long duration: ≥5 years) and glycemic control based on their glycated hemoglobin (HbA) level with a threshold of ≤0.053 mol/mol: newly diagnosed controlled (NC, = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, = 25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU.

Results: Our study showed that T2D duration was an independent predictor of vitamin D deficiency. The longer disease duration, the lower odds of being vitamin D deficient (odds ratio (OR) = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01-0.29, < 0.05). No significant association was observed between vitamin D and HbA levels. In the NU group, CVD risk scores were directly correlated with serum 25(OH)D ( = 0.53, < 0.05). No significant association was observed between vitamin D and HbA levels. In the NU group, CVD risk scores were directly correlated with serum 25(OH)D ( = 0.53, < 0.05). No significant association was observed between vitamin D and HbA levels. In the NU group, CVD risk scores were directly correlated with serum 25(OH)D (.

Conclusion: Duration of diabetes rather than glycemic control is associated with vitamin D deficiency. Glycemic uncontrol may augment vitamin D deficiency-associated CVD risk in both newly diagnosed and old patients with type 2 diabetes.