Racial/ethnic Disparities in Sleep Duration and Sleep Disturbances Among Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women in the United States

Overview

Journal J Sleep Res

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2020 Mar 1

PMID 32112620

Citations 17

Authors

Lydia Feinstein

Ketrell L McWhorter

Symielle A Gaston

Wendy M Troxel

Katherine M Sharkey

Chandra L Jackson

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Sleep disturbances among pregnant women are increasingly linked to suboptimal maternal/birth outcomes. Few studies in the USA investigating sleep by pregnancy status have included racially/ethnically diverse populations, despite worsening disparities in adverse birth outcomes. Using a nationally representative sample of 71,644 (2,349 pregnant) women from the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2017), we investigated relationships between self-reported pregnancy and six sleep characteristics stratified by race/ethnicity. We also examined associations between race/ethnicity and sleep stratified by pregnancy status. We used average marginal predictions from fitted logistic regression models to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each sleep dimension, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Pregnant women were less likely than non-pregnant women to report short sleep (PR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68-0.82) and more likely to report long sleep (PR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.74-2.43) and trouble staying asleep (PR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25-1.44). The association between pregnancy and sleep duration was less pronounced among women aged 35-49 years compared to those <35 years. Among white women, sleep medication use was less prevalent among pregnant compared to non-pregnant women (PR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.31-0.64), but this association was not observed among black women (PR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.46-2.09) and was less pronounced among Hispanic/Latina women (PR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.38-1.77). Compared to pregnant white women, pregnant black women had a higher short sleep prevalence (PR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08-1.67). Given disparities in maternal/birth outcomes and sleep, expectant mothers (particularly racial/ethnic minorities) may need screening followed by treatment for sleep disturbances. Our findings should be interpreted in the historical and sociocultural context of the USA.

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