Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection Testing Among Commercially Insured Persons Who Inject Drugs, United States, 2010-2017

Overview

Journal J Infect Dis

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2020 Feb 1

PMID 32002537

Citations 20

Authors

Lara Bull-Otterson

Ya-Lin A Huang

Weiming Zhu

Hope King

Brian R Edlin

Karen W Hoover

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: We assessed prevalence of testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among persons who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods: Using a nationwide health insurance database for claims paid during 2010-2017, we identified PWID by using codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Current Procedural Terminology, and National Drug Codes directory. We then estimated the percentage of PWIDs tested for HIV or HCV within 1 year of an index encounter, and we used multivariate logistic regression models to assess demographic and clinical factors associated with testing.

Results: Of 844 242 PWIDs, 71 938 (8.5%) were tested for HIV and 65 188 (7.7%) were tested for HCV infections. Missed opportunities were independently associated with being male (odds ratios [ORs]: HIV, 0.50 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.49-0.50], P < .001; HCV, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.65-0.72], P < .001), rural residence (ORs: HIV, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.65-0.69], P < .001; HCV, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.73-0.77], P < .001), and receiving services for skin infections or endocarditis (adjusted ORs: HIV, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.87-0.95], P < .001; HCV, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.86-0.95], P < .001).

Conclusions: Approximately 90% of presumed PWIDs missed opportunities for HIV or HCV testing, especially male rural residents with claims for skin infections or endocarditis, commonly associated with injection drug use.

Citing Articles

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Estadt A, Kline D, Miller W, Feinberg J, Hurt C, Mixson L Harm Reduct J. 2024; 21(1):214.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of current hepatitis C infection among U.S. general population and injection drug users aged 20-59 years: NHANES 2009-2018.

Mazumder H, Hossain M, Shrestha P, Mahmud S, Husain M, Ahmed R PLoS One. 2024; 19(8):e0309345.

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Gezer F, Howard K, Litwin A, Martin N, Rennert L Lancet Public Health. 2024; 9(6):e354-e364.

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Health, harm reduction, and social service providers' perspectives on the appropriateness and feasibility of peer distribution of HIV self-test kits among people who use drugs.

Bazzi A, Valasek C, Stamos-Buesig T, Eger W, Harvey-Vera A, Vera C Harm Reduct J. 2024; 21(1):29.

PMID: 38311717 PMC: 10838430. DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-00950-x.

Willingness to use and distribute HIV self-testing kits among people who inject drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana border region.

Pines H, Eger W, Skaathun B, Vera C, Harvey-Vera A, Rangel G Harm Reduct J. 2024; 21(1):4.

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