Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Risk: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management

Overview

Journal Curr Cardiol Rep

Publisher Current Science

Specialty Cardiology & Vascular Diseases

Date 2020 Jan 20

PMID 31955254

Citations 122

Authors

Liann Abu Salman

Rachel Shulman

Jordana B Cohen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose Of Review: Given the rising prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), we aimed to review the epidemiologic and pathophysiologic relationship of OSA, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, and to summarize recent advances in the treatment of OSA.

Recent Findings: OSA is associated with an elevated risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Several pathophysiologic factors contribute to the relationship between OSA and vascular risk, including neurohormonal dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. While CPAP reduces blood pressure, it has not been demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular risk. The combination of CPAP and weight loss has a synergistic effect on blood pressure and several metabolic parameters. Adherence to CPAP is poor across studies, potentially contributing to the attenuation of perceived cardiovascular benefit from CPAP therapy. A greater emphasis on adherence to CPAP and the combination of CPAP and weight loss are central to reducing cardiovascular risk among individuals with OSA.

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