Epidemiology and Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Trends

Overview

Journal J Hepatol

Publisher Elsevier

Specialty Gastroenterology

Date 2020 Jan 20

PMID 31954490

Citations 479

Authors

Amit G Singal

Pietro Lampertico

Pierre Nahon

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highest in East Asia and Africa, although its incidence and mortality are rapidly rising in the United States and Europe. With the implementation of hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis C treatment programmes worldwide, the epidemiology of HCC is shifting away from a disease predominated by viral hepatitis - an increasing proportion of cases are now attributable to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Surveillance using ultrasound, with or without alpha-fetoprotein, every 6 months has been associated with improved early detection and improved overall survival; however, limitations in implementation lead to a high proportion of HCC being detected at late stages in clinical practice. Herein, we review the current state of HCC surveillance and highlight areas for future research, including improved risk stratification of at-risk patients, surveillance tools with higher sensitivity and specificity for early HCC, and interventions to increase surveillance utilisation.

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