Prognostic Value of Lactate Dehydrogenase for Mid-Term Mortality in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Comparison to Established Biomarkers and Brain Natriuretic Peptide

Background: Enzyme biomarkers-such as creatine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase-are associated with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) severity and, therefore, have a prognostic value in ADHF. However, the prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of LDH in ADHF.

Methods: This single-centre observational retrospective study enrolled 396 patients with ADHF between June 2014 and July 2016. The patients were categorised into groups based on the tertile values of serum LDH (LDH-low [<196 U/L], LDH-intermediate [196≤ LDH <239 U/L] and LDH-high [LDH ≥239 U/L]). Survival analysis for all-cause mortality was performed. This study also examined the ability of adding log-transformed LDH (LogLDH) on Get With The Guideline score, which is an established risk score to predict 90-day, 180-day and 365-day mortality using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results: During the follow-up (median, 204 days), 100 (25%) patients died. The LDH-intermediate and LDH-high groups had worse survival (LDH-low vs LDH-intermediate, log-rank p=0.019; LDH-low vs LDH-high, log-rank p<0.001). Log LDH improved the ability to predict 90-day, 180-day and 365-day all-cause mortality, which was statistically significant (90 days, area under curve [AUC] = 0.79, p=0.012; 180 days, AUC = 0.79, p=0.017; and 365 days, AUC = 0.79, p=0.025).

Conclusions: Lactate dehydrogenase may be an important predictor of 90-day, 180-day and 365-day all-cause mortality in ADHF patients; however, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.