Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma

Overview

Journal Leukemia

Specialties Hematology
Oncology

Date 2019 Nov 29

PMID 31776467

Citations 103

Authors

Manisha Bhutani

David M Foureau

Shebli Atrash

Peter M Voorhees

Saad Z Usmani

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) is an aggressive subentity of multiple myeloma, characterized by the ability of a subclone to thrive and grow independent of the bone marrow microenvironment, resulting in a high-risk state associated with increased proliferation, evasion of apoptosis and treatment resistance. Despite improvement in survival for most patients with multiple myeloma over recent decades, outcomes are generally poor when EMM develops. Understanding the molecular underpinnings leading to homing of plasma cells in ecosystems outside the bone marrow will be crucial for therapeutically manipulating the microenvironment and targeting key signaling pathways. Herein, we discuss the evolutionary biology of EMM, underscore the importance of a uniform definition, discuss prognostic significance, and provide current and emerging treatment strategies for managing this rare subentity of multiple myeloma.

Citing Articles

The Impact of Focal Lesions on Overall and Progression-free Survival in Multiple Myeloma.

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Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma at diagnosis and over the course of the disease.

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COMMD3 Regulates Copper Metabolism via the ATOX1-ATP7A-LOX Axis to Promote Multiple Myeloma Progression.

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Assessment of the Prognostic Importance of The Revised International Staging System Based on Plasmacytoma Presentation in Recently Diagnosed Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Ciftciler R, Ciftciler A, Dagli M Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2025; 41(1):31-37.

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Whole genome sequencing and the genetics of extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma.

Bingham N, Shah J, Wong D, Lim S, Bergin K, Kalff A Blood Cancer J. 2025; 15(1):5.

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