Metabolic Syndrome and 10-year Risk of Cardiovascular Events Among Schizophrenia Inpatients Treated with Antipsychotics

Overview

Journal Med J Islam Repub Iran

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2019 Nov 8

PMID 31696091

Citations 2

Authors

Shadi Naderyan Feli

Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani

Hosein Fallahzadeh

Ali Dehghani

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among patients with schizophrenia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the next 10 years among schizophrenic patients. This cross sectional study was performed on 100 Iranian patients with schizophrenia in 2016. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined by adult treatment panel III criteria, and 10-year cardiovascular risk was calculated by Framingham Risk Score. SPSS software was used to perform statistical analysis. Chi-square and Fisher's exact or extended Fisher's exact tests were used to compare dichotomous variables. Also, Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare the quantitative variables. Significance level was considered to be less than or equal to 0.05. In this study, 83 participants (83%) were male and 17 (17%) were female. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 27% (21.7% in males and 52.9% in females, p=0.015). Among all components of metabolic syndrome, low HDL-C in men and abdominal obesity in females were the most common disorders. Based on Framingham Risk Score, 76%, 16%, and 8% of patients had low, intermediate, and high level of risk, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the level of risk among participants with and without metabolic syndrome (p=0.042). In this study, patients with schizophrenia showed a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, but most of them had low risk of developing cardiovascular disease. These results suggest regular screening and early interventions to modify the risk factors of metabolic syndrome.

Citing Articles

Clinical patterns of metabolic syndrome in young, clinically stable, olanzapine-exposed patients with schizophrenia.

Ma J, Zhang L, Huang Z, Wang G Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2024; 23(1):46.

PMID: 39538330 PMC: 11562516. DOI: 10.1186/s12991-024-00532-y.

Determinants and outcomes of health-promoting lifestyle among people with schizophrenia.

Fan Y, Zhou L, Chen X, Su J, Zhong S BMC Psychiatry. 2024; 24(1):177.

PMID: 38439019 PMC: 10913642. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05625-2.

References

Dickerson F, Schroeder J, Katsafanas E, Khushalani S, Origoni A, Savage C . Cigarette Smoking by Patients With Serious Mental Illness, 1999-2016: An Increasing Disparity. Psychiatr Serv. 2017; 69(2):147-153. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201700118. View

. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004; 363(9403):157-63. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3. View

Kassi E, Pervanidou P, Kaltsas G, Chrousos G . Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies. BMC Med. 2011; 9:48. PMC: 3115896. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-48. View

. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002; 106(25):3143-421. View

Santini I, Stratta P, DOnofrio S, De Lauretis I, Santarelli V, Pacitti F . The metabolic syndrome in an Italian psychiatric sample: a retrospective chart review of inpatients treated with antipsychotics. Riv Psichiatr. 2016; 51(1):37-42. DOI: 10.1708/2168.23452. View

Grover S, Aggarwal M, Dutt A, Chakrabarti S, Avasthi A, Kulhara P . Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia in India. Psychiatry Res. 2012; 200(2-3):1035-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.043. View

De Hert M, Correll C, Bobes J, Cetkovich-Bakmas M, Cohen D, Asai I . Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care. World Psychiatry. 2011; 10(1):52-77. PMC: 3048500. DOI: 10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x. View

De Hert M, Dekker J, Wood D, Kahl K, Holt R, Moller H . Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people with severe mental illness position statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of.... Eur Psychiatry. 2009; 24(6):412-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.01.005. View

Aly El-Gabry D, Abdel Aziz K, Okasha T, Azzam H, Okasha A . Antipsychotic Polypharmacy and Its Relation to Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Schizophrenia: An Egyptian Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017; 38(1):27-33. DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000815. View

10.

Ventriglio A, Gentile A, Stella E, Bellomo A . Metabolic issues in patients affected by schizophrenia: clinical characteristics and medical management. Front Neurosci. 2015; 9:297. PMC: 4558473. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00297. View

11.

Ellingrod V, Taylor S, Dalack G, Grove T, Bly M, Brook R . Risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in bipolar and schizophrenia subjects treated with antipsychotics: the role of folate pharmacogenetics. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012; 32(2):261-5. PMC: 3622480. DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182485888. View

12.

Marthoenis M, Aichberger M, Puteh I, Syahrial S, Schouler-Ocak M . Metabolic syndrome among psychiatric inpatients with schizophrenia in Indonesia. Asian J Psychiatr. 2015; 15:10-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.04.004. View

13.

Nayerifard R, Bureng M, Zahiroddin A, Namjoo M, Rajezi S . Comparison of metabolic syndrome prevalence in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S411-S416. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.027. View

14.

Heald A, Pendlebury J, Anderson S, Narayan V, Guy M, Gibson M . Lifestyle factors and the metabolic syndrome in Schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2017; 16:12. PMC: 5310063. DOI: 10.1186/s12991-017-0134-6. View

15.

Asaye S, Bekele S, Tolessa D, Cheneke W . Metabolic syndrome and associated factors among psychiatric patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South West Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2018; 12(5):753-760. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.04.037. View

16.

Laursen T, Munk-Olsen T, Vestergaard M . Life expectancy and cardiovascular mortality in persons with schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012; 25(2):83-8. DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835035ca. View

17.

Vancampfort D, Probst M, Scheewe T, De Herdt A, Sweers K, Knapen J . Relationships between physical fitness, physical activity, smoking and metabolic and mental health parameters in people with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2012; 207(1-2):25-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.026. View

18.

Leucht S, Burkard T, Henderson J, Maj M, Sartorius N . Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007; 116(5):317-33. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01095.x. View

19.

Johannessen L, Strudsholm U, Foldager L, Munk-Jorgensen P . Increased risk of hypertension in patients with bipolar disorder and patients with anxiety compared to background population and patients with schizophrenia. J Affect Disord. 2006; 95(1-3):13-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.03.027. View

20.

Tseng P, Wang H, Cheng Y, Shen F, Lin P, Wu C . The metabolic syndrome and risk of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in a chronic mental institute. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2014; 30(11):579-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2014.09.002. View