Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an AIDS Patient with Kaposi Sarcoma: A Treatment Dilemma

Overview

Journal Case Rep Hematol

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Hematology

Date 2019 Nov 6

PMID 31687230

Citations 2

Authors

Oluwadunni E Emiloju

Sorab Gupta

Vivian Arguello-Guerra

Claudia Dourado

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a result of an abnormal activation of immune cells (T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages) resulting in cytokine overproduction and immune destruction of cells, eventually resulting in multiorgan failure. Genetic causes are responsible for primary hemophagocytosis, but malignancies, infections, and autoimmunity underlie most of the secondary cases. We present an unusual case of a patient with AIDS and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma who was commenced on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but developed HLH secondary to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We report this case to highlight the difficulty in managing this patient given the complex interplay of immunosuppression due to AIDS, immune reconstitution following initiation of HAART, and immune overdrive manifesting as HLH.

Citing Articles

A Review of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Patients With HIV.

Tabaja H, Kanj A, El Zein S, Comba I, Chehab O, Mahmood M Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022; 9(4):ofac071.

PMID: 35308483 PMC: 8926004. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac071.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a rare disease unveiling the diagnosis of EBV-related large B cell lymphoma in a patient with HIV.

Noveihed A, Liang S, Glotfelty J, Lawrence I Discov Oncol. 2022; 13(1):16.

PMID: 35307758 PMC: 8934799. DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00476-3.

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