Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant in Hospital-Acquired Surgical Wound Infections and Bacteremia: Concomitant Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Overview

Journal Infect Dis (Auckl)

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2019 Oct 31

PMID 31662606

Citations 18

Authors

Mona Abdel Monem Esmail

Hend M Abdulghany

Rasha Mm Khairy

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of infections among patients with hospital-acquired surgical wound sepsis and bacteremia in surgical wards and identify the antimicrobial susceptibility in these pathogens. Genetic role of erythromycin, vancomycin, and cephalosporin resistance in these pathogens was also examined.

Methods: Two hundred samples were collected from surgical wound infections and 100 blood cultures from patients with suggested bacteremia to identify by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was tested. The presence of resistance genes was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

Results: was isolated with a frequency of 24/200 (12%) from surgical wound samples and 2/100 (2%) from blood cultures. All isolates were completely resistant to cefepime, ampicillin, and tetracycline, 96% of isolates were resistant to erythromycin, 53.8% to vancomycin, and 23.1% to linezolid. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 100% of isolates. and genes were present in 20/25 (80%) and 17/25 (68%) of erythromycin-resistant isolates, respectively, 15 (60%) isolates carry both and genes. gene was detected in 71.4% of vancomycin-resistant isolates. All isolates were negative for , and genes.

Conclusion: MDR in all isolates (100%) and high-level resistance to gentamicin, erythromycin, and vancomycin were reported in isolates. In the studied isolates, erythromycin resistance mainly related to the presence of and genes and vancomycin resistance was mainly related to the presence of gene.

Citing Articles

Prophylactic phage administration provides a time window for delayed treatment of vancomycin-resistant in a murine bacteremia model.

Wang W, Yu J, Chen X, Fu S, Li H, Yi P Front Microbiol. 2025; 15:1504696.

PMID: 39925887 PMC: 11802572. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1504696.

Evolutionary trajectories of β-lactam resistance in strains.

Ugalde Silva P, Desbonnet C, Rice L, Garcia-Solache M mBio. 2024; 15(12):e0289724.

PMID: 39540731 PMC: 11633384. DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02897-24.

Characterization of Two Novel Endolysins from Bacteriophage PEF1 and Evaluation of Their Combined Effects on the Control of Planktonic and Biofilm Cells.

Wang C, Zhao J, Lin Y, Lwin S, El-Telbany M, Masuda Y Antibiotics (Basel). 2024; 13(9).

PMID: 39335057 PMC: 11428236. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13090884.

Global status of antimicrobial resistance in clinical Enterococcus faecalis isolates: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Guan L, Beig M, Wang L, Navidifar T, Moradi S, Motallebi Tabaei F Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2024; 23(1):80.

PMID: 39182092 PMC: 11344933. DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00728-w.

Carbon source competition within the wound microenvironment can significantly influence infection progression.

Maslova E, EisaianKhongi L, Rigole P, Coenye T, McCarthy R NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2024; 10(1):52.

PMID: 38918415 PMC: 11199515. DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00518-4.

References

Hashem Y, Yassin A, Amin M . Molecular characterization of Enterococcus spp. clinical isolates from Cairo, Egypt. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2015; 33 Suppl:80-6. DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.148836. View

Bello Gonzalez T, Pham P, Top J, Willems R, van Schaik W, van Passel M . Characterization of Isolates Colonizing the Intestinal Tract of Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Selective Digestive Decontamination. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8:1596. PMC: 5581364. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01596. View

Almeida I, Schmalfuss T, Rohsig L, Goldani L . Autologous transplant: microbial contamination of hematopoietic stem cell products. Braz J Infect Dis. 2012; 16(4):345-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.06.012. View

Asadollahi P, Razavi S, Asadollahi K, Pourshafie M, Talebi M . Rise of antibiotic resistance in clinical enterococcal isolates during 2001-2016 in Iran: a review. New Microbes New Infect. 2018; 26:92-99. PMC: 6180340. DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.08.018. View

Portillo A, Ruiz-Larrea F, Zarazaga M, Alonso A, Martinez J, Torres C . Macrolide resistance genes in Enterococcus spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000; 44(4):967-71. PMC: 89799. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.44.4.967-971.2000. View

Sutcliffe J, Grebe T, Tait-Kamradt A, Wondrack L . Detection of erythromycin-resistant determinants by PCR. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996; 40(11):2562-6. PMC: 163576. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.40.11.2562. View

Armin S, Fallah F, Karimi A, Rashidan M, Shirdust M, Azimi L . Genotyping, antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor gene profiles of vancomycin resistance Enterococcus faecalis isolated from blood culture. Microb Pathog. 2017; 109:300-304. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.039. View

Reyes J, Hidalgo M, Diaz L, Rincon S, Moreno J, Vanegas N . Characterization of macrolide resistance in Gram-positive cocci from Colombian hospitals: a countrywide surveillance. Int J Infect Dis. 2007; 11(4):329-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2006.09.005. View

Abebe W, Endris M, Tiruneh M, Moges F . Prevalence of vancomycin resistant Enterococci and associated risk factors among clients with and without HIV in Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14:185. PMC: 3943508. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-185. View

10.

Tofteland S, Haldorsen B, Dahl K, Simonsen G, Steinbakk M, Walsh T . Effects of phenotype and genotype on methods for detection of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Norway. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 45(1):199-205. PMC: 1828980. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01319-06. View

11.

Ribeiro T, Oliveira M, Fraqueza M, Laukova A, Elias M, Tenreiro R . Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors among Enterococci isolated from chouriço, a traditional Portuguese dry fermented sausage. J Food Prot. 2011; 74(3):465-9. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-309. View

12.

Abdelkareem M, Sayed M, Hassuna N, Mahmoud M, Abdelwahab S . Multi-drug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis among Egyptian patients with urinary tract infection. J Chemother. 2016; 29(2):74-82. DOI: 10.1080/1120009X.2016.1182358. View

13.

Surucuoglu S, Gazi H, Kurutepe S, Ozkutuk N, Ozbakkaloglu B . Bacteriology of surgical wound infections in a tertiary care hospital in Turkey. East Afr Med J. 2005; 82(7):331-6. View

14.

Bhatt P, Patel A, Sahni A, Praharaj A, Grover N, Chaudhari C . Emergence of multidrug resistant enterococci at a tertiary care centre. Med J Armed Forces India. 2015; 71(2):139-44. PMC: 4388963. DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2014.08.007. View

15.

Drahovska H, Kocincova D, Seman M, Turna J . PCR-based methods for identification of Enterococcus species. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2003; 47(6):649-53. DOI: 10.1007/BF02818665. View

16.

Evers S, Courvalin P . Detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification to the species level of clinically relevant enterococci by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 1995; 33(1):24-7. PMC: 227872. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.1.24-27.1995. View

17.

Handwerger S, Raucher B, Altarac D, Monka J, Marchione S, Singh K . Nosocomial outbreak due to Enterococcus faecium highly resistant to vancomycin, penicillin, and gentamicin. Clin Infect Dis. 1993; 16(6):750-5. DOI: 10.1093/clind/16.6.750. View

18.

Hollenbeck B, Rice L . Intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms in enterococcus. Virulence. 2012; 3(5):421-33. PMC: 3485979. DOI: 10.4161/viru.21282. View

19.

Zou L, Wang H, Zeng B, Li J, Li X, Zhang A . Erythromycin resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus faecalis from swine in China. New Microbiol. 2011; 34(1):73-80. View

20.

Jahansepas A, Aghazadeh M, Rezaee M, Hasani A, Sharifi Y, Aghazadeh T . Occurrence of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in Various Clinical Infections: Detection of Their Drug Resistance and Virulence Determinants. Microb Drug Resist. 2017; 24(1):76-82. DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0049. View