Validation of an HIV/AIDS Stigma Measure for Children Living with HIV and Their Families

Overview

Journal J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2019 Oct 5

PMID 31581890

Citations 12

Authors

Rachel Christine Vreeman

Michael Lawrence Scanlon

Wanzhu Tu

James Slaven

Carole McAteer

Josephine Aluoch

Samuel Ayaya

Winstone Mokaya Nyandiko

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: There are few validated tools to measure stigma, particularly among children living with HIV and their families.

Methods: This study was nested within a larger study that followed 240 child-caregiver dyads (children aged 10-15 years) at 8 clinics in western Kenya. The stigma instrument was administered to all child-caregiver dyads at 2 time points 6 months apart. The primary end point was to construct validity assessed by comparison to criterion constructs using generalized estimating equation models.

Results: Mean age of child participants was 12.3 years and 52% were female. Generally, caregivers reported experiencing higher levels of HIV stigma compared to their children. Children (9%) and caregivers (14%) reported that HIV stigma made them feel stressed, anxious, and depressed. Child and caregiver stigma items showed high construct validity by emotional and behavioral outcomes.

Conclusions: The stigma instrument showed high validity when compared to emotional and behavioral outcomes.

Citing Articles

A qualitative assessment of retention in HIV care among adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV in New York City.

Liang E, Nkwonta C, Goldsamt L, Dunn Navarra A AIDS Care. 2024; 36(11):1596-1605.

PMID: 38976575 PMC: 11511637. DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2024.2373402.

Real experience of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS from the perspective of iceberg theory: a qualitative research.

Tang J, Ren J, Wang H, Shi M, Jia X, Zhang L BMJ Open. 2024; 14(5):e079474.

PMID: 38719298 PMC: 11086469. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079474.

Using Narrative Films to Combat HIV-Related Stigma in Western Kenya: An Exploratory Pilot Study of Adolescents Living With HIV and Their Caregivers.

McCoy B, McAteer C, Ashimosi C, Aluoch J, Lewis C, Nyandiko W Glob Pediatr Health. 2024; 11():2333794X241234566.

PMID: 38414716 PMC: 10898294. DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241234566.

Factors associated with caregiver compliance to an HIV disclosure intervention and its effect on HIV and mental health outcomes among children living with HIV: instrumental variable-based analysis of a cluster randomized trial in Eldoret, Kenya.

Magill E, Nyandiko W, Baum A, Aluoch J, Chory A, Ashimoshi C Front Public Health. 2023; 11:1150744.

PMID: 37213654 PMC: 10196043. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1150744.

Stigma Affects the Health-Related Quality of Life of People Living with HIV by Activating Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms.

Onu D, Ugwu S, Nnadozie E, Orjiakor C J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2022; 30(3):561-569.

PMID: 36414787 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09928-y.

References

Vreeman R, Nyandiko W, Liu H, Tu W, Scanlon M, Slaven J . Comprehensive evaluation of caregiver-reported antiretroviral therapy adherence for HIV-infected children. AIDS Behav. 2015; 19(4):626-34. PMC: 4393778. DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-0998-x. View

. A survey of paediatric HIV programmatic and clinical management practices in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa--the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA). J Int AIDS Soc. 2013; 16:17998. PMC: 3547123. DOI: 10.7448/IAS.16.1.17998. View

Vreeman R, Nyandiko W, Ayaya S, Walumbe E, Marrero D, Inui T . Factors sustaining pediatric adherence to antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya. Qual Health Res. 2009; 19(12):1716-29. DOI: 10.1177/1049732309353047. View

Punpanich W, Detels R, Gorbach P, Leowsrisook P . Understanding the psychosocial needs of HIV-infected children and families: a qualitative study. J Med Assoc Thai. 2009; 91 Suppl 3:S76-84. PMC: 2942078. View

Steward W, Herek G, Ramakrishna J, Bharat S, Chandy S, Wrubel J . HIV-related stigma: adapting a theoretical framework for use in India. Soc Sci Med. 2008; 67(8):1225-35. PMC: 2603621. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.032. View

Charles B, Jeyaseelan L, Kumar Pandian A, Sam A, Thenmozhi M, Jayaseelan V . Association between stigma, depression and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in South India - a community based cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12:463. PMC: 3444349. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-463. View

Lenderking W, Testa M, Katzenstein D, Hammer S . Measuring quality of life in early HIV disease: the modular approach. Qual Life Res. 1997; 6(6):515-30. DOI: 10.1023/a:1018408115729. View

Sharp C, Venta A, Marais L, Skinner D, Lenka M, Serekoane J . First evaluation of a population-based screen to detect emotional-behavior disorders in orphaned children in Sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS Behav. 2014; 18(6):1174-85. PMC: 4048828. DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0739-6. View

Kouyoumdjian F, Meyers T, Mtshizana S . Barriers to disclosure to children with HIV. J Trop Pediatr. 2005; 51(5):285-7. DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmi014. View

10.

Kunapareddy C, Nyandiko W, Inui T, Ayaya S, Marrero D, Vreeman R . A qualitative assessment of barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence among adolescents in western Kenya. J HIV AIDS Soc Serv. 2017; 13(4):383-401. PMC: 5374741. DOI: 10.1080/15381501.2012.754392. View

11.

Leroy V, Malateste K, Rabie H, Lumbiganon P, Ayaya S, Dicko F . Outcomes of antiretroviral therapy in children in Asia and Africa: a comparative analysis of the IeDEA pediatric multiregional collaboration. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012; 62(2):208-19. PMC: 3556242. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827b70bf. View

12.

Kumarasamy N, Safren S, Raminani S, Pickard R, James R, Krishnan A . Barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral medication adherence among patients with HIV in Chennai, India: a qualitative study. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2005; 19(8):526-37. DOI: 10.1089/apc.2005.19.526. View

13.

Greeff M, Uys L, Wantland D, Makoae L, Chirwa M, Dlamini P . Perceived HIV stigma and life satisfaction among persons living with HIV infection in five African countries: a longitudinal study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009; 47(4):475-86. PMC: 2832093. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.09.008. View

14.

Thomas B, Rehman F, Suryanarayanan D, Josephine K, Dilip M, Dorairaj V . How stigmatizing is stigma in the life of people living with HIV: a study on HIV positive individuals from Chennai, South India. AIDS Care. 2005; 17(7):795-801. DOI: 10.1080/09540120500099936. View

15.

Monahan P, Shacham E, Reece M, Kroenke K, Ongor W, Omollo O . Validity/reliability of PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 depression scales among adults living with HIV/AIDS in western Kenya. J Gen Intern Med. 2008; 24(2):189-97. PMC: 2629000. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-008-0846-z. View

16.

Fielden S, Chapman G, Cadell S . Managing stigma in adolescent HIV: silence, secrets and sanctioned spaces. Cult Health Sex. 2010; 13(3):267-81. DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2010.525665. View

17.

Wight R, Aneshensel C, Murphy D, Miller-Martinez D, Beals K . Perceived HIV stigma in AIDS caregiving dyads. Soc Sci Med. 2005; 62(2):444-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.004. View

18.

Corneli A, Vaz L, Dulyx J, Omba S, Rennie S, Behets F . The role of disclosure in relation to assent to participate in HIV-related research among HIV-infected youth: a formative study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2009; 12:17. PMC: 2753623. DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-12-17. View

19.

Obermeyer C, Osborn M . The utilization of testing and counseling for HIV: a review of the social and behavioral evidence. Am J Public Health. 2007; 97(10):1762-74. PMC: 1994175. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.096263. View

20.

Biadgilign S, Deribew A, Amberbir A, Deribe K . Barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral medication adherence among HIV-infected paediatric patients in Ethiopia: A qualitative study. SAHARA J. 2010; 6(4):148-54. DOI: 10.1080/17290376.2009.9724943. View