A Case of Non-Operative Management of Atraumatic Splenic Hemorrhage Due to Snakebite Venom-Induced Consumption Coagulopathy

BACKGROUND Snakebite envenoming results from injection of a mixture different toxins following snakebite. Coagulopathy and life-threatening hemorrhage can occur, or venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC). A rare case is presented of spontaneous splenic hemorrhage due to VICC that was successfully treated by non-surgical splenic artery embolization. CASE REPORT A 62-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department after an episode of dizziness and loss of consciousness following a snakebite. He was transferred to our hospital with hypotension and an abnormal blood coagulation test. On admission, he was hypotensive, with reduced hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, but did not complain of abdominal pain. The occult source of bleeding was identified by abdominal computed tomography (CT) as splenic hemorrhage. Treatment began with the administration of antivenom and blood transfusion. Splenic artery angio-embolization was performed to control the bleeding and was without complication. CONCLUSIONS Snakebite envenoming associated with VICC is a serious and life-threatening condition. Because of the possibility of associated occult bleeding from internal organs or blood vessels, imaging studies should be performed as soon as possible. For patients who are hemodynamically stabilized and have atraumatic hemorrhage from the spleen, non-operative treatment using angio-embolization may be performed with intensive monitoring and follow-up.