Food Consumption Patterns and Body Composition in Children: Moderating Effects of Prop Taster Status

This cross-sectional study determined whether 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taster status moderates the relationship between food consumption patterns and body composition in children. Children were recruited ( = 342, 50% female, 8-10 y) from across New Zealand. Using a food frequency questionnaire, these food consumption patterns were derived: Processed Foods, Fruit and Vegetables, and Breakfast Foods. Body composition variables included: body fat (%), fat mass (kg), fat mass index (FMI, kg/m), body mass index (kg/m) and waist to height ratio (W:Ht). Following adjustment for confounders, Processed Foods were positively associated with %fat ( = 0.015), fat mass ( = 0.004) and FMI ( = 0.016). Taste test strips determined PROP status. For Breakfast Foods, there were small negative associations with all body composition variables ( ≤ 0.001 to 0.037). The population sample was also stratified by PROP taster status. For the non-tasters, there were small to moderate negative associations between Breakfast Foods and each body composition variable ( = 0.003-0.045) except W:Ht ( = 0.112), and these relationships were stronger for girls compared to boys. For the tasters, there were small to moderate positive associations between Processed Foods with %fat ( = 0.030), fat mass ( ≤ 0.001) and FMI ( = 0.014). In conclusion, sensitivity to bitterness may moderate the relationship between food consumption patterns and body composition in children.