Comparison of Alprazolam Plasma Levels in Normal Asian and Caucasian Male Volunteers

Overview

Journal Psychopharmacology (Berl)

Specialty Pharmacology

Date 1988 Jan 1

PMID 3146770

Citations 17

Authors

K M Lin

J K Lau

R Smith

P Phillips

E ANTAL

R E Poland

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of alprazolam was studied in 42 normal male volunteers (14 Caucasians, 14 American-born Asians, and 14 foreign-born Asians), after both oral and parenteral (IV) administration of a small dose (0.5 mg) of the test drug. Asians manifested significantly higher Cmax, larger AUC, slower CL and longer t1/2 under both testing situations. When body surface area was used as a covariate, these cross-ethnic differences remained statistically significant (except Cmax) after oral but not IV drug administration. There were no differences between the two Asian groups in any of these parameters examined in this study. These results confirmed previous observations of ethnic differences in the pharmacokinetic response between Asians and Caucasians and suggested that smaller doses of alprazolam may be required for Asians for similar clinical effects as compared to their Caucasian counterparts.

Citing Articles

Clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in cancer patients with different ethnicities.

Pathak S, Zajac K, Annaji M, Govindarajulu M, Nadar R, Bowen D Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2023; 6 Suppl 1:e1830.

PMID: 37150853 PMC: 10440845. DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1830.

Cardio- and Neurotoxicity of Selected Anti-COVID-19 Drugs.

Nicholson M, Huang C, Wang J, Ting C, Cheng Y, Chan D Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022; 15(6).

PMID: 35745684 PMC: 9231250. DOI: 10.3390/ph15060765.

Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Single and Multiple Doses of Isavuconazonium Sulfate in Healthy Adult Japanese Subjects.

Shirae S, Ose A, Kumagai Y Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2022; 11(6):744-753.

PMID: 35191210 PMC: 9303187. DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1079.

Inter-ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics-is there more that unites than divides?.

Olafuyi O, Parekh N, Wright J, Koenig J Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2021; 9(6):e00890.

PMID: 34725944 PMC: 8561230. DOI: 10.1002/prp2.890.

New research advances in ethnopsychopharmacology: an Asian perspective.

Pi E, Zhu W Int Psychiatry. 2019; 4(3):57-58.

PMID: 31507896 PMC: 6734761.

References

Spector R, Choudhury A, Chiang C, Goldberg M, Ghoneim M . Diphenhydramine in Orientals and Caucasians. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980; 28(2):229-34. DOI: 10.1038/clpt.1980.155. View

Potkin S, Shen Y, Pardes H, Phelps B, Zhou D, Shu L . Haloperidol concentrations elevated in Chinese patients. Psychiatry Res. 1984; 12(2):167-72. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(84)90017-9. View

KALOW W . Ethnic differences in drug metabolism. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1982; 7(5):373-400. DOI: 10.2165/00003088-198207050-00001. View

Smith R, Kroboth P, VanderLugt J, Phillips J, Juhl R . Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam after oral and IV administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1984; 84(4):452-6. DOI: 10.1007/BF00431449. View

Garde J, ASTON R, Endler G, Sison O . Racial mydriatic response to belladonna premedication. Anesth Analg. 1978; 57(5):572-6. DOI: 10.1213/00000539-197809000-00012. View

Fraser H, Mucklow J, Bulpitt C, Kahn C, Mould G, Dollery C . Environmental factors affecting antipyrine metabolism in London factory and office workers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979; 7(3):237-43. PMC: 1429487. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00928.x. View

Kishimoto A, Hollister L . Nortriptyline kinetics in Japanese and Americans. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1984; 4(3):171-2. DOI: 10.1097/00004714-198406000-00036. View

Yang Y . Prophylactic efficacy of lithium and its effective plasma levels in Chinese bipolar patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1985; 71(2):171-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01267.x. View

Lin K, Poland R, Lesser I . Ethnicity and psychopharmacology. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1986; 10(2):151-65. DOI: 10.1007/BF00156581. View

10.

Desai N, sheth U, Mucklow J, Fraser H, Bulpitt C, Jones S . Antipyrene clearance in Indian villagers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1980; 9(4):387-94. PMC: 1429972. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01066.x. View

11.

Mellinger G, Balter M, Uhlenhuth E . Prevalence and correlates of the long-term regular use of anxiolytics. JAMA. 1984; 251(3):375-9. View

12.

Adams W, Bombardt P, Brewer J . Normal-phase liquid chromatographic determination of alprazolam in human serum. Anal Chem. 1984; 56(9):1590-4. DOI: 10.1021/ac00273a012. View

13.

Sedman A, Wagner J . CSTRIP, a fortran IV computer program for obtaining initial polyexponential parameter estimates. J Pharm Sci. 1976; 65(7):1006-10. DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600650713. View

14.

Branch R, Salih S, Homeida M . Racial differences in drug metabolizing ability: a study with antipyrine in the Sudan. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1978; 24(3):283-6. DOI: 10.1002/cpt1978243283. View

15.

Ghoneim M, KORTTILA K, Chiang C, Jacobs L, Schoenwald R, Mewaldt S . Diazepam effects and kinetics in Caucasians and Orientals. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981; 29(6):749-56. DOI: 10.1038/clpt.1981.106. View

16.

Rudorfer M, Lane E, Chang W, Zhang M, Potter W . Desipramine pharmacokinetics in Chinese and Caucasian volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984; 17(4):433-40. PMC: 1463412. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02368.x. View

17.

Wolff P . Ethnic differences in alcohol sensitivity. Science. 1972; 175(4020):449-50. DOI: 10.1126/science.175.4020.449. View

18.

Blackwell B . Psychotropic drugs in use today. The role of diazepam in medical practice. JAMA. 1973; 225(13):1637-41. View

19.

GOEDDE H, Agarwal D, Harada S . Pharmacogenetics of alcohol sensitivity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1983; 18 Suppl 1:161-6. DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(83)90165-x. View

20.

Greenblatt D, Divoll M, Moschitto L, Shader R . Electron-capture gas chromatographic analysis of the triazolobenzodiazepines alprazolam and triazolam. J Chromatogr. 1981; 225(1):202-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80261-3. View