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Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 (Id1) Mediates Stemness of Colorectal Cancer Cells Through the Id1-c-Myc-PLAC8 Axis Via the Wnt/β-catenin and Shh Signaling Pathways

Overview
Publisher Dove Medical Press
Specialty Oncology
Date 2019 Aug 24
PMID 31440083
Citations 20
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Abstract

Background: Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) is upregulated in multiple cancers, and Id1overexpression correlates with cancer aggressiveness and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, its roles in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are still elusive.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the role of on the mediation of CRC stemness and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Id1 and CD133 expression was detected by qPCR assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in normal mucosal and primary colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens. was stably knocked down (KD) in human CRC cell lines. Spheres forming assay and tumorigenic assay were performed to evaluate self-renewal capacity and tumor initiation. Expression of CSC- and EMT-related markers and TCF/LEF activity were assessed in HCT116 cells after  KD.

Results: qPCR assay showed higher and expression in CRC specimens than in normal mucosal specimens (<0.05). IHC detected high cytoplasmic Id1 expression in 35 CRC specimens (46.7%), and high CD133 expression in 22 CRC specimens (29.3%) and negative expression in 18 normal mucosal specimens. High Id1 expression positively correlated with poor differentiation (=0.034), and CD133 expression correlated with T category in CRC patients (=0.002). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between Id1 and CD133 expression in CRC patients (<0.05). KD resulted in suppression of proliferation, cell-colony formation, self-renewal capability and CSC-like features in HCT116 cells, and impaired the tumor-initiating capability in CRC cells. In addition, Id1 maintained the stemness of CRC cells via the Id1-c-Myc-PLAC8 axis through activating the Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling pathways.

Conclusions: Id1 expression significantly correlates with CD133 expression in CRC patients, and KD impairs CSC-like capacity and reverses EMT traits, partially via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Id1 may be a promising therapeutic target against colon CSCs.

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