Patterns and Risk Factors of Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Adolescent Girls and Boys in Indonesia

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2019 Aug 21

PMID 31430324

Citations 15

Authors

Masumi Maehara

Jee Hyun Rah

Airin Roshita

Julia Suryantan

Asrinisa Rachmadewi

Doddy Izwardy

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: As an emerging middle-income country, Indonesia is grappling with the double burden of malnutrition across all age groups, including adolescents. Slow gains in reducing undernutrition are compounded by rapidly increasing overnutrition. This study aims to determine the patterns and determinants of this double burden, particularly stunting, thinness and overweight, among adolescent girls and boys aged 12-18 years in Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,160 girls and boys in the districts of Klaten and Lombok Barat in 2017. Data were collected on adolescents' nutritional status, sociodemographic characteristics, morbidity, dietary intake and physical activity and other relevant factors. Multivariable logistic regression models using generalized estimation equation were employed to determine risk factors for stunting, thinness and overweight.

Results: About a quarter of adolescent girls (25%) and boys (21%) were stunted. Approximately 5% of girls and 11% of boys were thin, whereas 11% girls and boys each were overweight. Living in a higher wealth household (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49-0.91), compared to a lower wealth household, and living in a district with higher socioeconomic status (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.51-0.79) were associated with lower odds of being stunted. Adolescent education was also protective against stunting (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33-0.88). Older adolescents aged 15-18 years were more likely to be stunted (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.42-2.46). Being a girl was associated with reduced odds of being thin (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.30-0.58). Higher household wealth (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.27-2.97) predicted being overweight, while maternal primary or some secondary education, compared to no or incomplete primary education, was protective against adolescent overweight (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.40-0.90).

Conclusion: Indonesian adolescent girls and boys face both extreme spectrums of malnutrition. Addressing the dual burden of malnutrition requires a multi-pronged approach, and urgent shift is warranted in nutrition policy and programmes targeting adolescents to effectively address the associated underlying determinants.

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