First Description of Echinococcus Ortleppi Infection in China

Overview

Journal Parasit Vectors

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Parasitology
Tropical Medicine

Date 2019 Aug 11

PMID 31399141

Citations 14

Authors

Yunliang Shi

Xiaoling Wan

Ziyue Wang

Jun Li

Zhihua Jiang

Yichao Yang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Echinococcosis has led to considerable social and economic losses in China, particularly in the endemic communities of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. In China, human cases of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto), E. canadensis and E. multilocularis infections have been described, but no E. ortleppi (G5) infections in humans or animals have been reported.

Results: A case of E. ortleppi infection in a human from Guangxi, which is a non-endemic echinococcosis area in China, is described. A 17 × 12 × 20 cm (diameter) cyst was observed in the liver of the patient, and Echinococcus larvae were collected from the cyst. A morphological examination indicated that the larvae were E. ortleppi, and amplification and analysis of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogenase dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes showed that the larvae had 99-100% homology with the corresponding E. ortleppi sequences on GenBank.

Conclusions: To our knowledge, this report describes the first identification of a human E. ortleppi infection in China. Our data broaden the geographical distribution of this rarely reported species of Echinococcus.

Citing Articles

The grey wolf as a host of . and other helminths - a new zoonotic threat in Poland.

Karamon J, Samorek-Pierog M, Bilska-Zajac E, Korpysa-Dzirba W, Sroka J, Zdybel J J Vet Res. 2025; 68(4):539-549.

PMID: 39776693 PMC: 11702251. DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0060.

Update on the genetic diversity and population structure of Echinococcus granulosus in Gansu Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Western China, inferred from mitochondrial cox1, nad1, and nad5 sequences.

Shumuye N, Li L, Ohiolei J, Qurishi S, Li W, Zhang N Parasitol Res. 2023; 122(5):1107-1126.

PMID: 36933066 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07811-9.

Occurrence and Phylogenetic Description of Cystic Echinococcosis Isolate from Egyptian Camel ().

Elshahawy I, El-Seify M, Ahamed Z, Fawaz M Helminthologia. 2023; 59(3):253-264.

PMID: 36694828 PMC: 9831517. DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0026.

Species and genotypes belonging to Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato complex causing human cystic echinococcosis in Europe (2000-2021): a systematic review.

Casulli A, Massolo A, Saarma U, Umhang G, Santolamazza F, Santoro A Parasit Vectors. 2022; 15(1):109.

PMID: 35346335 PMC: 8962544. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05197-8.

drives the polarization of macrophages by regulating the RhoA-MAPK signaling pathway and thus affects liver fibrosis.

Chong S, Chen G, Dang Z, Niu F, Zhang L, Ma H Bioengineered. 2022; 13(4):8747-8758.

PMID: 35324411 PMC: 9161885. DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2056690.

References

Thompson R, McManus D . Towards a taxonomic revision of the genus Echinococcus. Trends Parasitol. 2002; 18(10):452-7. DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4922(02)02358-9. View

. International classification of ultrasound images in cystic echinococcosis for application in clinical and field epidemiological settings. Acta Trop. 2003; 85(2):253-61. DOI: 10.1016/s0001-706x(02)00223-1. View

Ito A, Urbani C, Jiamin Q, Vuitton D, Dongchuan Q, Heath D . Control of echinococcosis and cysticercosis: a public health challenge to international cooperation in China. Acta Trop. 2003; 86(1):3-17. DOI: 10.1016/s0001-706x(02)00269-3. View

Kamenetzky L, Gutierrez A, Canova S, Haag K, Guarnera E, Parra A . Several strains of Echinococcus granulosus infect livestock and humans in Argentina. Infect Genet Evol. 2003; 2(2):129-36. DOI: 10.1016/s1567-1348(02)00131-4. View

Bowles J, van Knapen F, McManus D . Cattle strain of Echinococcus granulosus and human infection. Lancet. 1992; 339(8805):1358. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92003-x. View

Dinkel A, Njoroge E, Zimmermann A, Walz M, Zeyhle E, Elmahdi I . A PCR system for detection of species and genotypes of the Echinococcus granulosus-complex, with reference to the epidemiological situation in eastern Africa. Int J Parasitol. 2004; 34(5):645-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2003.12.013. View

Maravilla P, Thompson R, Palacios-Ruiz J, Estcourt A, Ramirez-Solis E, Mondragon-de-la-Pena C . Echinococcus granulosus cattle strain identification in an autochthonous case of cystic echinococcosis in central Mexico. Acta Trop. 2004; 92(3):231-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.07.001. View

Xiao N, Qiu J, Nakao M, Li T, Yang W, Chen X . Echinococcus shiquicus n. sp., a taeniid cestode from Tibetan fox and plateau pika in China. Int J Parasitol. 2005; 35(6):693-701. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.01.003. View

Yang Y, Rosenzvit M, Zhang L, Zhang J, McManus D . Molecular study of Echinococcus in west-central China. Parasitology. 2005; 131(Pt 4):547-55. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182005007973. View

10.

Bart J, Abdukader M, Zhang Y, Lin R, Wang Y, Nakao M . Genotyping of human cystic echinococcosis in Xinjiang, PR China. Parasitology. 2006; 133(Pt 5):571-9. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182006000734. View

11.

Casulli A, Manfredi M, La Rosa G, Di Cerbo A, Genchi C, Pozio E . Echinococcus ortleppi and E. granulosus G1, G2 and G3 genotypes in Italian bovines. Vet Parasitol. 2008; 155(1-2):168-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.004. View

12.

Saarma U, Jogisalu I, Moks E, Varcasia A, Lavikainen A, Oksanen A . A novel phylogeny for the genus Echinococcus, based on nuclear data, challenges relationships based on mitochondrial evidence. Parasitology. 2009; 136(3):317-28. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182008005453. View

13.

Pednekar R, Gatne M, Thompson R, Traub R . Molecular and morphological characterisation of Echinococcus from food producing animals in India. Vet Parasitol. 2009; 165(1-2):58-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.021. View

14.

de la Rue M, Takano K, Brochado J, Costa C, Soares A, Yamano K . Infection of humans and animals with Echinococcus granulosus (G1 and G3 strains) and E. ortleppi in Southern Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 177(1-2):97-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.11.018. View

15.

Balbinotti H, Santos G, Badaraco J, Arend A, Graichen D, Haag K . Echinococcus ortleppi (G5) and Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1) loads in cattle from Southern Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 2012; 188(3-4):255-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.04.007. View

16.

Boufana B, Stidworthy M, Bell S, Chantrey J, Masters N, Unwin S . Echinococcus and Taenia spp. from captive mammals in the United Kingdom. Vet Parasitol. 2012; 190(1-2):95-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.05.023. View

17.

Mogoye B, Menezes C, Wong M, Stacey S, von Delft D, Wahlers K . First insights into species and genotypes of Echinococcus in South Africa. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 196(3-4):427-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.03.033. View

18.

Sharma M, Sehgal R, Fomda B, Malhotra A, Malla N . Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus cysts in north Indian patients: identification of G1, G3, G5 and G6 genotypes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013; 7(6):e2262. PMC: 3681628. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002262. View

19.

Ahmed M, Eltom K, Musa N, Ali I, Elamin F, Grobusch M . First report on circulation of Echinococcus ortleppi in the one humped camel (Camelus dromedaries), Sudan. BMC Vet Res. 2013; 9:127. PMC: 3698005. DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-127. View

20.

Nakao M, Lavikainen A, Yanagida T, Ito A . Phylogenetic systematics of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Int J Parasitol. 2013; 43(12-13):1017-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.06.002. View