Gender Variability of Perceived Stress and Negative Inferential Feedback in Depression

Overview

Journal Indian J Psychol Med

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2019 Aug 9

PMID 31391665

Citations 2

Authors

Ajita S Nayak

Shubhangi R Parkar

Hrishikesh B Nachane

Bijal A Sangoi

Rashmi G Shinde

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The role of negative inferential feedback and perceived stress in hopelessness depression is known. However, studies on their gender variability are lacking. The difference in various domains of negative inferential feedback and its impact on cognitive hopelessness, depression, and outcome of psychotherapy between men and women has been hypothesized.

Aims: This study analyzed the difference in stress levels and hopelessness in the form of negative inferential feedback in depressed men and women.

Methodology: In all, 35 men and 35 women suffering from depression were recruited. They were first assessed on the Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale, and their sociodemographical details were recorded. They were then administered the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Adaptive Inferential Feedback Questionnaire.

Results: Perceived stress in depressed women showed a positive correlation with negative inferential feedback ( = 0.39, = 0.04). Levels of depression were comparable in the two genders. Comparison between the two genders showed no difference in proportion across the levels of severity of depression (χ = 5.44, = 0.14). Depressed women rated higher stress, mainly in the helplessness domain of the PSS ( = 0.04). Women were shown to have more negative inferential feedback and attribute their hopelessness to more stable and global causes when compared with men ( = 0.04).

Conclusion: Depressed women perceive more stress and receive more negative feedback, than men, to negative life events. Women attribute their hopelessness to more stable and global causes when compared with men.

Citing Articles

Factors associated with depressive symptoms in Japanese women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Hamasaki M, Origuchi T, Matsuura E Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2022; 6(1):rkac006.

PMID: 35233479 PMC: 8882378. DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkac006.

Assessment of Level of Perceived Stress and Sources of Stress Among Dental Professionals Before and During the COVID -19 Outbreak.

Mishra S, Singh S, Tiwari V, Vanza B, Khare N, Bharadwaj P J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2021; 10(6):794-802.

PMID: 33437715 PMC: 7791583. DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_340_20.

References

Alloy L, Abramson L, Hogan M, Whitehouse W, Rose D, Robinson M . The Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression Project: lifetime history of axis I psychopathology in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. J Abnorm Psychol. 2000; 109(3):403-18. View

Ogrodniczuk J, Piper W, Joyce A, McCallum M . Effect of patient gender on outcome in two forms of short-term individual psychotherapy. J Psychother Pract Res. 2001; 10(2):69-78. PMC: 3330641. View

Hankin B, Abramson L . Development of gender differences in depression: an elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress theory. Psychol Bull. 2001; 127(6):773-96. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.127.6.773. View

Hankin B, Abramson L . Measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression in adolescence: reliability, validity, and gender differences. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2002; 31(4):491-504. DOI: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3104_8. View

Hamilton M . A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960; 23:56-62. PMC: 495331. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56. View

Burton E, Stice E, Seeley J . A prospective test of the stress-buffering model of depression in adolescent girls: no support once again. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004; 72(4):689-97. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.72.4.689. View

Abela J, McGirr A . Operationalizing cognitive vulnerability and stress from the perspective of the hopelessness theory: a multi-wave longitudinal study of children of affectively ill parents. Br J Clin Psychol. 2007; 46(Pt 4):377-95. DOI: 10.1348/014466507X192023. View

Nolen-Hoeksema S . Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. J Abnorm Psychol. 1991; 100(4):569-82. DOI: 10.1037//0021-843x.100.4.569. View

Brown L, Strauman T, Barrantes-Vidal N, Silvia P, Kwapil T . An experience-sampling study of depressive symptoms and their social context. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2011; 199(6):403-9. DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31821cd24b. View

10.

Reynolds 3rd C, Kupfer D, Thase M, Frank E, Jarrett D, Coble P . Sleep, gender, and depression: an analysis of gender effects on the electroencephalographic sleep of 302 depressed outpatients. Biol Psychiatry. 1990; 28(8):673-84. DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90454-a. View

11.

Pieh C, Altmeppen J, Neumeier S, Loew T, Angerer M, Lahmann C . [Gender differences in response to CBT-orientated multimodal treatment in depressed patients with chronic pain]. Psychiatr Prax. 2012; 39(6):280-5. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1305097. View

12.

Cuijpers P, Weitz E, Twisk J, Kuehner C, Cristea I, David D . Gender as predictor and moderator of outcome in cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy for adult depression: an "individual patient data" meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety. 2014; 31(11):941-51. DOI: 10.1002/da.22328. View

13.

Parry B . Reproductive factors affecting the course of affective illness in women. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1989; 12(1):207-20. View

14.

Rubenstein L, Freed R, Shapero B, Fauber R, Alloy L . Cognitive Attributions in Depression: Bridging the Gap between Research and Clinical Practice. J Psychother Integr. 2016; 26(2):103-115. PMC: 4956086. DOI: 10.1037/int0000030. View

15.

Nolen-Hoeksema S . Sex differences in unipolar depression: evidence and theory. Psychol Bull. 1987; 101(2):259-82. View

16.

Gove W, Hughes M . Possible causes of the apparent sex differences in physical health: an empirical investigation. Am Sociol Rev. 1979; 44(1):126-46. View

17.

WATSON D, Clark L . Negative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychol Bull. 1984; 96(3):465-90. View

18.

Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R . A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983; 24(4):385-96. View

19.

Gotlib I . Depression and general psychopathology in university students. J Abnorm Psychol. 1984; 93(1):19-30. DOI: 10.1037//0021-843x.93.1.19. View

20.

Thase M, Reynolds 3rd C, Frank E, Simons A, McGeary J, Fasiczka A . Do depressed men and women respond similarly to cognitive behavior therapy?. Am J Psychiatry. 1994; 151(4):500-5. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.151.4.500. View