Central Nervous System Infection with

Overview

Journal J Fungi (Basel)

Date 2019 Jul 27

PMID 31344869

Citations 12

Authors

James Riddell 4th

L Joseph Wheat

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection that may affect both immune compromised and non-immune compromised individuals. It is now recognized that the geographic range of this organism is larger than previously understood, placing more people at risk. Infection with may occur after inhalation of conidia that are aerosolized from the filamentous form of the organism in the environment. Clinical syndromes typically associated with histoplasmosis include acute or chronic pneumonia, chronic cavitary pulmonary infection, or mediastinal fibrosis or lymphadenitis. Disseminated infection can also occur, in which multiple organ systems are affected. In up to 10% of cases, infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with histoplasmosis may occur with or without disseminated infection. In this review, we discuss challenges related to the diagnosis of CNS histoplasmosis and appropriate treatment strategies that can lead to successful outcomes.

Citing Articles

Histoplasmosis: A systematic review to inform the World Health Organization of a fungal priority pathogens list.

Dao A, Kim H, Halliday C, Oladele R, Rickerts V, Govender MMed N Med Mycol. 2024; 62(6).

PMID: 38935903 PMC: 11210611. DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae039.

Antifungal Activity of Chitosan against in Planktonic and Biofilm Forms: A Therapeutic Strategy in the Future?.

Brilhante R, Costa A, Mesquita J, Dos Santos Araujo G, Freire R, Nunes J J Fungi (Basel). 2023; 9(12).

PMID: 38132801 PMC: 10744476. DOI: 10.3390/jof9121201.

Intramedullary histoplasmosis of the thoracic cord as an isolated lesion: A rare case report and literature review.

Piovesan E, Silva W, Mallmann A, Guiroy A, Carazzo C Surg Neurol Int. 2023; 14:197.

PMID: 37404516 PMC: 10316131. DOI: 10.25259/SNI_399_2023.

Central Nervous System Histoplasmosis: An Updated Insight.

Ramirez J, Reyes-Montes M, Rodriguez-Arellanes G, Perez-Torres A, Taylor M Pathogens. 2023; 12(5).

PMID: 37242351 PMC: 10223317. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050681.

Mebendazole Inhibits In Vitro Growth and Decreases Mitochondrion and Cytoskeleton Protein Levels.

Almeida M, Bernardes-Engemann A, Coelho R, Lugones C, Andrade I, Correa-Junior D J Fungi (Basel). 2023; 9(3).

PMID: 36983553 PMC: 10051957. DOI: 10.3390/jof9030385.

References

Vergidis P, Avery R, Wheat L, Dotson J, Assi M, Antoun S . Histoplasmosis complicating tumor necrosis factor-α blocker therapy: a retrospective analysis of 98 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 2015; 61(3):409-17. PMC: 4796723. DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ299. View

Falci D, Monteiro A, Caurio C, Magalhaes T, Xavier M, Basso R . Histoplasmosis, An Underdiagnosed Disease Affecting People Living With HIV/AIDS in Brazil: Results of a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study Using Both Classical Mycology Tests and Urine Antigen Detection. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019; 6(4):ofz073. PMC: 6461557. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz073. View

Myint T, Chow F, Bloch K, Raymond-Guillen L, Davis T, Wright P . Detection of (1,3)-β-d-Glucan in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Histoplasma Meningitis. J Clin Microbiol. 2018; 56(10). PMC: 6156302. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00663-18. View

Marukutira T, Huprikar S, Azie N, Quan S, Meier-Kriesche H, Horn D . Clinical characteristics and outcomes in 303 HIV-infected patients with invasive fungal infections: data from the Prospective Antifungal Therapy Alliance registry, a multicenter, observational study. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2014; 6:39-47. PMC: 3958502. DOI: 10.2147/HIV.S53910. View

Spec A, Connolly P, Montejano R, Wheat L . In vitro activity of isavuconazole against fluconazole-resistant isolates of Histoplasma capsulatum. Med Mycol. 2017; 56(7):834-837. PMC: 7528650. DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx130. View

Batra V, Khararjian A, Wheat J, Zhang S, Crain B, Baras A . From suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to confirmed histoplasma meningitis. BMJ Case Rep. 2016; 2016. PMC: 4956983. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214937. View

Restrepo A, Tobon A, Clark B, Graham D, Corcoran G, Bradsher R . Salvage treatment of histoplasmosis with posaconazole. J Infect. 2006; 54(4):319-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.05.006. View

Wheat L, Slama T, Norton J, Kohler R, Eitzen H, French M . Risk factors for disseminated or fatal histoplasmosis. Analysis of a large urban outbreak. Ann Intern Med. 1982; 96(2):159-63. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-96-2-159. View

Saccente M, McDonnell R, Baddour L, Mathis M, Bradsher R . Cerebral histoplasmosis in the azole era: report of four cases and review. South Med J. 2003; 96(4):410-6. DOI: 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000051734.53654.D0. View

10.

Lamoth F, Mercier T, Andre P, Pagani J, Pantet O, Maduri R . Isavuconazole brain penetration in cerebral aspergillosis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019; 74(6):1751-1753. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz050. View

11.

Thompson 3rd G, Rendon A, Santos R, Queiroz-Telles F, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Azie N . Isavuconazole Treatment of Cryptococcosis and Dimorphic Mycoses. Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 63(3):356-62. PMC: 4946023. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw305. View

12.

Abuhelwa A, Foster D, Mudge S, Hayes D, Upton R . Population pharmacokinetic modeling of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole for oral SUBA-itraconazole and sporanox capsule formulations in healthy subjects in fed and fasted states. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015; 59(9):5681-96. PMC: 4538523. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00973-15. View

13.

Haynes R, Connolly P, Durkin M, LeMonte A, Smedema M, Brizendine E . Antifungal therapy for central nervous system histoplasmosis, using a newly developed intracranial model of infection. J Infect Dis. 2002; 185(12):1830-2. DOI: 10.1086/340825. View

14.

Botero Aguirre J, Restrepo Hamid A . Amphotericin B deoxycholate versus liposomal amphotericin B: effects on kidney function. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; (11):CD010481. PMC: 10542271. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010481.pub2. View

15.

Wheat J, Myint T, Guo Y, Kemmer P, Hage C, Terry C . Central nervous system histoplasmosis: Multicenter retrospective study on clinical features, diagnostic approach and outcome of treatment. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97(13):e0245. PMC: 5895412. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010245. View

16.

Estrada-Bellmann I, Camara-Lemarroy C, Flores-Cantu H, Calderon-Hernandez H, Villareal-Velazquez H . Hemichorea in a patient with HIV-associated central nervous system histoplasmosis. Int J STD AIDS. 2014; 27(1):75-7. DOI: 10.1177/0956462414564608. View

17.

Pasqualotto A, Denning D . Generic substitution of itraconazole resulting in sub-therapeutic levels and resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007; 30(1):93-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.027. View

18.

Andes D, Pascual A, Marchetti O . Antifungal therapeutic drug monitoring: established and emerging indications. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008; 53(1):24-34. PMC: 2612175. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00705-08. View

19.

Calcagno A, Baietto L, De Rosa F, Tettoni M, Libanore V, Bertucci R . Posaconazole cerebrospinal concentrations in an HIV-infected patient with brain mucormycosis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010; 66(1):224-5. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq385. View

20.

Theel E, Jespersen D, Harring J, Mandrekar J, Binnicker M . Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of Histoplasma capsulatum antigen from urine specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; 51(11):3555-9. PMC: 3889733. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01868-13. View