The Prevalence and Correlation of Carotid Artery Calcifications and Dental Pulp Stones in a Saudi Arabian Population

Overview

Journal Diseases

Date 2019 Jul 18

PMID 31311129

Citations 10

Authors

Ali Alsweed

Randa Farah

Satheeshkumar Ps

Rafat Farah

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: This study sought to determine the prevalence of carotid artery calcifications (CACs) and pulp stones detected on panoramic radiographs (PRs) and ascertain their correlation.

Methods: A total of 2013 digital PRs were retrospectively retrieved and thoroughly examined to determine the prevalence of CACs and pulp stones, their correlation with patient age and gender, and the relationship between the presence of pulps stones and radiographically detectable CACs.

Results: The prevalence of CACs on PRs was 2.0%; the prevalence of pulp stones was 4.6%. There was no statistical relationship between pulp stones and CACs ( = 0.714). Older patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of CACs than younger patients ( < 0.001); pulp stones were statistically more prevalent in younger patients than older patients ( = 0.001). There were no significant differences between male and females in terms of the prevalence of either CACs or pulp stones ( = 0.087 and = 0.278, respectively).

Conclusions: Dentists should be trained to detect CACs on PRs belonging to patients older than 40 to exclude the presence of CACs. Moreover, pulp stones do not function as a diagnostic marker for CACs.

Citing Articles

Investigation of genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding growth factors and dental pulp calcification in orthodontic patients.

Meyfarth S, Ramirez I, Silva-Sousa A, Proff P, Gabardo M, Sousa-Neto M J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2024; 14(6):712-719.

PMID: 39416879 PMC: 11480232. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.09.013.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Prevalence and Distribution of Pulp Stones and Their Relation to Local and Systemic Factors in the Makkah Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Kenawi L, Jaha H, Alzahrani M, Alharbi J, Alharbi S, Almuqati T Cureus. 2024; 16(1):e51633.

PMID: 38314002 PMC: 10837681. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51633.

Radiographic evaluation of teeth with pulp stones and pulp canal obliteration: characteristics, and associations with dental parameters.

Zahran S, Alamoudi R Libyan J Med. 2024; 19(1):2306768.

PMID: 38258544 PMC: 10810635. DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2024.2306768.

A systematic review assessing the dental pulp stone prevalence in the Saudi Arabian population.

Chalikkandy S, Bhandi S, Shawkani H, Al Wadei M, Mohammed Abdul Kader M, Hussain Jaafari A Saudi Dent J. 2023; 35(7):803-811.

PMID: 38077230 PMC: 10699125. DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.07.012.

Early diagnosis of aortic calcification through dental X-ray examination for dental pulp stones.

Ishikawa M, Kanzaki H, Kodera R, Sekimizu T, Wada S, Tohyama S Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1):18576.

PMID: 37903847 PMC: 10616172. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45902-w.

References

Alman A, Johnson L, Calverley D, Grunwald G, Lezotte D, Hokanson J . Validation of a method for quantifying carotid artery calcification from panoramic radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013; 116(4):518-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.06.026. View

Garoff M, Johansson E, Ahlqvist J, Levring Jaghagen E, Arnerlov C, Wester P . Detection of calcifications in panoramic radiographs in patients with carotid stenoses ≥50%. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014; 117(3):385-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.01.010. View

Colak H, Celebi A, Hamidi M, Bayraktar Y, Colak T, Uzgur R . Assessment of the prevalence of pulp stones in a sample of Turkish Central Anatolian population. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012; 2012:804278. PMC: 3356746. DOI: 10.1100/2012/804278. View

Ertas E, Sisman Y . Detection of incidental carotid artery calcifications during dental examinations: panoramic radiography as an important aid in dentistry. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011; 112(4):e11-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.02.048. View

Gavala S, Donta C, Tsiklakis K, Boziari A, Kamenopoulou V, Stamatakis H . Radiation dose reduction in direct digital panoramic radiography. Eur J Radiol. 2008; 71(1):42-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.03.018. View

Friedlander A, LANDE A . Panoramic radiographic identification of carotid arterial plaques. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1981; 52(1):102-4. DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(81)90181-x. View

Abreu T, Ferreira E, de Brito Filho S, de Sales K, Lopes F, de Oliveira A . Prevalence of carotid artery calcifications detected on panoramic radiographs and confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography: Their relationship with systemic conditions. Indian J Dent Res. 2015; 26(4):345-50. DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.167644. View

Bayer S, Helfgen E, Bos C, Kraus D, Enkling N, Mues S . Prevalence of findings compatible with carotid artery calcifications on dental panoramic radiographs. Clin Oral Investig. 2010; 15(4):563-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0418-6. View

Goga R, Chandler N, Oginni A . Pulp stones: a review. Int Endod J. 2008; 41(6):457-68. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01374.x. View

10.

Cohen S, Friedlander A, Jolly D, Date L . Carotid calcification on panoramic radiographs: an important marker for vascular risk. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002; 94(4):510-4. DOI: 10.1067/moe.2002.125580. View

11.

Nasseh I, Aoun G . Carotid Artery Calcification: A Digital Panoramic-Based Study. Diseases. 2018; 6(1). PMC: 5871961. DOI: 10.3390/diseases6010015. View

12.

Alzoman H, Al-Sadhan R, Al-Lahem Z, Al-Sakaker A, Al-Fawaz Y . Prevalence of carotid calcification detected on panoramic radiographs in a Saudi population from a training institute in Central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2012; 33(2):177-81. View

13.

Rodrigues da Silva Noll Goncalves J, Yamada J, Berrocal C, Westphalen F, Franco A, Fernandes A . Prevalence of Pathologic Findings in Panoramic Radiographs: Calcified Carotid Artery Atheroma. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2016; 50(3):230-234. PMC: 5108282. DOI: 10.15644/asc50/3/5. View

14.

Gustafsson N, Ahlqvist J, Naslund U, Wester P, Buhlin K, Gustafsson A . Calcified carotid artery atheromas in panoramic radiographs are associated with a first myocardial infarction: a case-control study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017; 125(2):199-204.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.10.009. View

15.

Bevelander G, Johnson P . Histogenesis and histochemistry of pulpal calcification. J Dent Res. 1956; 35(5):714-22. DOI: 10.1177/00220345560350050901. View

16.

Kansu O, Ozbek M, Avcu N, Aslan U, Kansu H, Genctoy G . Can dental pulp calcification serve as a diagnostic marker for carotid artery calcification in patients with renal diseases?. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009; 38(8):542-5. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/13231798. View

17.

Shah N, Bansal N, Logani A . Recent advances in imaging technologies in dentistry. World J Radiol. 2014; 6(10):794-807. PMC: 4209425. DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i10.794. View

18.

Horsley S, Beckstrom B, Clark S, Scheetz J, Khan Z, Farman A . Prevalence of carotid and pulp calcifications: a correlation using digital panoramic radiographs. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2009; 4(2):169-73. DOI: 10.1007/s11548-008-0277-7. View

19.

Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri S, Virayavanich W, Thanakun S, Siriwongpairat P, Amaekchok P, Khovidhunkit W . The prevalence of carotid artery calcifications detected on panoramic radiographs in patients with metabolic syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009; 108(4):e57-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.021. View

20.

Yeluri G, Kumar C, Raghav N . Correlation of dental pulp stones, carotid artery and renal calcifications using digital panoramic radiography and ultrasonography. Contemp Clin Dent. 2015; 6(Suppl 1):S147-51. PMC: 4632214. DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.166837. View