Prospective Bidirectional Associations Between Attachment and Depressive Symptoms from Middle Childhood to Adolescence

Overview

Journal J Youth Adolesc

Specialties Pediatrics
Psychology
Social Sciences

Date 2019 Jul 17

PMID 31309415

Citations 7

Authors

L Cortes-Garcia

L Wichstrom

K R Viddal

C Senra

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Insecure attachment to parents consistently correlates with adolescent depression. However, the order of cause and effect, the impact of confounding, and gender disparities in this relationship remain unresolved. The present study therefore examined the prospective associations between attachment relationships to mothers and fathers and depressive symptoms in a community sample of Spanish children (n = 904; 49.4% females) assessed biennially from age 10-16 years, net of all unmeasured time-invariant confounding. Insecure relationships predicted depressive symptoms, and more so among girls, but depressive symptoms also forecasted worsened attachment relationships. At ages 12-14, mother-child attachment proved to be more important for the development of depressive symptoms than father-child attachment. These findings reveal a pattern of reciprocal influence between attachment relationships and depressive symptoms that appears to vary as a function of the parental and child's gender and developmental period. Thus, efforts aimed at strengthening the parent-child attachment relationship-across the transition from middle childhood to adolescence-may prevent or reduce depressive symptoms, especially by targeting mothers and female adolescents.

Citing Articles

Turning to friends in preference to parents for support in early adolescence: does this contribute to the gender difference in depressive symptoms?.

Wright N, Sharp H, Gay J, Pickles A, Hill J Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025; 2:1150493.

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Understanding the transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying emerging psychopathology in adolescence: study protocol of a 1-year prospective epidemiological (EMERGE) study.

Hafeli X, Hirsig A, Schmidt S BMJ Open. 2024; 14(11):e084821.

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Gendered Parenting: Maternal Son Preference and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Early Adolescents.

Zhao F, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Li S, Wang Z Behav Sci (Basel). 2024; 14(2).

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Parent-child relationship, parenting behaviors, and adolescents' depressive symptoms after an earthquake: unraveling within-adolescent associations from between-adolescent differences.

Li Y, Ye Y, Zhou X Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2023; 33(7):2301-2318.

PMID: 37924379 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02319-0.

Maternal Mental Health and Children's Problem Behaviours: A Bi-directional Relationship?.

Lowthian E, Bedston S, Kristensen S, Akbari A, Fry R, Huxley K Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2023; 51(11):1611-1626.

PMID: 37400731 PMC: 10628040. DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01086-5.

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