Characterization of the Normal Portal and Hepatic Blood Flow of Adult Holstein-Friesian Cows

Overview

Journal Animals (Basel)

Date 2019 Jun 26

PMID 31234515

Citations 4

Authors

J Daniel Barreiro-Vazquez

Marta Miranda

M Isabel Barreiro-Vilanova

F Javier Dieguez

Andres Barreiro-Lois

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In the past, hepatic blood flow in cows was invasively characterized to investigate different pathologies and physiological conditions. However, hepatic blood flow can be easily evaluated with transabdominal Doppler ultrasound. Sixteen healthy adult non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein-Friesian cows were examined using B-mode and Doppler ultrasound between the right flank and 9 intercostal space to establish the best approach to the different parts of the portal and hepatic vein systems, and determine normal blood flow characteristics. The main portal vein was characterized by a turbulent, high-velocity flow due to the opposing confluence of the splenic and cranial mesenteric veins, while hepatic and caudal vena cava veins have laminar blood flow, in which the phasicity is considered mainly respiratory in origin. Reference values were determined in relation to the anatomical point of observation. In conclusion, transabdominal Doppler ultrasound of the portal system is a simple technique that allows non-invasive characterization of portal and hepatic blood haemodynamics in cows.

Citing Articles

Expression Profiling of Circular RNAs in Early Pregnant Jianghuai Buffaloes.

Liu Q, Zhang M, Guo T, Wu S, Zong Y, Xu C Animals (Basel). 2022; 12(20).

PMID: 36290133 PMC: 9597768. DOI: 10.3390/ani12202748.

Clinical significance of half-hepatic blood flow occlusion technology in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis.

Liu D, Fang J, Chen X World J Clin Cases. 2022; 10(24):8547-8555.

PMID: 36157815 PMC: 9453380. DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8547.

Transabdominal Renal Doppler Ultrasound in Healthy Adult Holstein-Friesian Cows: A Pilot Study.

Barreiro-Vazquez J, Miranda M, Barreiro-Lois A Animals (Basel). 2021; 11(1).

PMID: 33396331 PMC: 7823255. DOI: 10.3390/ani11010063.

Ultrasonography of Normal Adrenal Glands in Adult Holstein-Friesian Cows: A Pilot Study.

Barreiro-Vazquez J, Barreiro-Lois A, Miranda M Animals (Basel). 2020; 10(7).

PMID: 32664212 PMC: 7401516. DOI: 10.3390/ani10071171.

References

Braun U, Fohn J . Duplex ultrasonography of the common carotid artery and external jugular vein of cows. Am J Vet Res. 2005; 66(6):962-5. DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.962. View

Abu-Yousef M . Normal and respiratory variations of the hepatic and portal venous duplex Doppler waveforms with simultaneous electrocardiographic correlation. J Ultrasound Med. 1992; 11(6):263-8. DOI: 10.7863/jum.1992.11.6.263. View

Shirai W, Sato T, Shibuya H, Naito K, Tsukise A . Three-dimensional vasculature of the bovine liver. Anat Histol Embryol. 2005; 34(6):354-63. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00623.x. View

Klotz J, Heitmann R . Changes in net portal nutrient flux in response to weaning transition and ionophore supplementation in dairy calves. J Dairy Sci. 2007; 90(3):1326-39. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71620-X. View

Braun U, Hoegger R, Haessig M . Colour-Doppler sonography of the musculophrenic vein in cows. Vet J. 2008; 179(3):451-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.10.027. View

Erdogmus B, Tamer A, Buyukkaya R, Yazici B, Buyukkaya A, Korkut E . Portal vein hemodynamics in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2008; 215(1):89-93. DOI: 10.1620/tjem.215.89. View

Braun U, Hoegger R . B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography of the milk vein in 29 healthy Swiss braunvieh cows. Vet Rec. 2008; 163(2):47-9. DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.2.47. View

Braun U . Ultrasonography of the liver in cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2009; 25(3):591-609, Table of Contents. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.07.003. View

McNaughton D, Abu-Yousef M . Doppler US of the liver made simple. Radiographics. 2011; 31(1):161-88. DOI: 10.1148/rg.311105093. View

10.

Starke A, Schmidt S, Haudum A, Scholbach T, Wohlsein P, Beyerbach M . Evaluation of portal blood flow using transcutaneous and intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography in dairy cows with fatty liver. J Dairy Sci. 2011; 94(6):2964-71. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4156. View

11.

Starke A, Wussow K, Matthies L, Kusenda M, Busche R, Haudum A . Minimally-invasive catheterization of the portal, hepatic and cranial mesenteric veins and the abdominal aorta for quantitative determination of hepatic metabolism in dairy cows. Vet J. 2011; 192(3):403-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.07.002. View

12.

Braun U, Forster E . B-mode and colour Doppler sonographic examination of the milk vein and musculophrenic vein in dry cows and cows with a milk yield of 10 and 20 kg. Acta Vet Scand. 2012; 54:15. PMC: 3325855. DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-15. View

13.

Braun U, Forster E, Bleul U, Hassig M, Schwarzwald C . B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography of the milk vein and musculophrenic vein in eight cows during lactation. Res Vet Sci. 2012; 94(1):138-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.07.034. View

14.

Hart C, Voelz B, Brockus K, Lemley C . Hepatic steroid inactivating enzymes, hepatic portal blood flow and corpus luteum blood perfusion in cattle. Reprod Domest Anim. 2018; 53(3):751-758. DOI: 10.1111/rda.13166. View

15.

Wangsness P, MCGILLIARD A . Measurement of portal blood flow in calves by dye-dilution. J Dairy Sci. 1972; 55(10):1439-46. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(72)85691-1. View

16.

Carr S, Jacobson D . Method for measurement of gastrointestinal absorption in normal animals, combining portal-carotid differences and telemetered portal flow by Doppler shift. J Dairy Sci. 1968; 51(5):721-9. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(68)87062-6. View

17.

Lomax M, Baird G . Blood flow and nutrient exchange across the liver and gut of the dairy cow. Effects of lactation and fasting. Br J Nutr. 1983; 49(3):481-96. DOI: 10.1079/bjn19830057. View

18.

Braun U, Gerber D . Influence of age, breed, and stage of pregnancy on hepatic ultrasonographic findings in cows. Am J Vet Res. 1994; 55(9):1201-5. View