A Systematic Review of NAFLD-Associated Extrahepatic Disorders in Youths

Overview

Journal J Clin Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2019 Jun 20

PMID 31213030

Citations 17

Authors

Lucia Pacifico

Francesco Massimo Perla

Mario Roggini

Gianmarco Andreoli

Miriam DAvanzo

Claudio Chiesa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: There is growing evidence that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease affecting not only the liver but also extrahepatic organs.

Aim: To investigate whether in youths NAFLD is associated with extrahepatic complications such as subclinical atherosclerosis, cardiac abnormalities, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, decreased bone mineral density, renal dysfunction, obstructive sleep apnea, and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods: We systematically reviewed PubMed; Scopus; Embase; and the Cochrane Library databases up to 28 February 2019 and assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results: Thirty-five articles were selected for this systematic review: fifteen (4627 participants) evaluated the association of NAFLD with subclinical atherosclerosis; four (969 participants) with cardiac abnormalities; two (550 participants) with hypertension; four (1328 participants) with diabetes; six (523 participants) with low bone mineral density; two (865 participants) with renal dysfunction; one with obstructive sleep apnea; and one with polycystic ovary syndrome. Most studies found that youths with NAFLD have increased features of subclinical atherosclerosis; as well as of cardiac alterations. Limited data were available to endorse a solid estimate of the prevalence of diabetes; low mineral density and renal dysfunction in the pediatric NAFLD population.

Conclusion: NAFLD-related intermediate CVD outcomes can occur and be detected early in young populations.

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