Repertoire of the Virulence Factors Unrelated to Major Classes of Protein Toxins and Its Role in Specificity of Host-Pathogen Interactions

Overview

Journal Toxins (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Toxicology

Date 2019 Jun 20

PMID 31212976

Citations 21

Authors

Yury V Malovichko

Anton A Nizhnikov

Kirill S Antonets

Affiliations

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Abstract

() is a Gram-positive soil bacteria that infects invertebrates, predominantly of Arthropoda phylum. Due to its immense host range has become a leading producer of biopesticides applied both in biotechnology and agriculture. Cytotoxic effect of , as well as its host specificity, are commonly attributed either to proteinaceous crystal parasporal toxins (Cry and Cyt) produced by bacteria in a stationary phase or to soluble toxins of Vip and Sip families secreted by vegetative cells. At the same time, numerous non-toxin virulence factors of have been discovered, including metalloproteases, chitinases, aminopolyol antibiotics and nucleotide-mimicking moieties. These agents act at each stage of the invasion and contribute to cytotoxic properties of strains enhancing toxin activity, ensuring host immune response evasion and participating in extracellular matrix degeneration. In this review we attempt to classify virulence factors unrelated to major groups of protein toxins and discuss their putative role in the establishment of specificity to various groups of insects.

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