Change in Prevalence and Severity of Metabolic Syndrome in the Sami and Non-Sami Population in Rural Northern Norway Using a Repeated Cross-sectional Population-based Study Design: the SAMINOR Study

Overview

Journal BMJ Open

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2019 Jun 16

PMID 31201190

Citations 13

Authors

Vilde L Michalsen

Kirsti Kvaloy

Johan Svartberg

Susanna R A Siri

Marita Melhus

Ann R Broderstad

Affiliations

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Abstract

Objective: To examine the change in both the prevalence and severity of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Sami and non-Sami in Northern Norway due to a lack of knowledge regarding the development of MetS in this population.

Design: Repeated cross-sectional study.

Setting: The study is based on data from the SAMINOR 1 Survey (2003-2004, n=6550) and the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey (2012-2014, n=6004), conducted in 10 municipalities in Northern Norway.

Participants: Men and women aged 40-79 years were invited. We excluded participants not handing in the questionnaire and with missing information concerning ethnicity questions or MetS risk factors resulting in a final sample of 6308 (36.0% Sami) subjects in SAMINOR 1 and 5866 (40.9% Sami) subjects in SAMINOR 2.

Outcome Measures: MetS prevalence was determined using the harmonised Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) criteria, and severity was assessed with the MetS severity Z-score. Generalised estimating equations with an interaction term (survey × ethnicity) were used to compare prevalence and severity between the two surveys while accounting for partly repeated measurements.

Results: The overall, age-standardised ATP-III-MetS prevalence was 31.2% (95% CI: 29.8 to 32.6) in SAMINOR 1 and 35.6% (95% CI: 34.0 to 37.3) in SAMINOR 2. Both the ATP-III-MetS prevalence and the mean MetS severity Z-score increased between the surveys in all subgroups, except the ATP-III-MetS prevalence in non-Sami women, which remained stable. Over time, Sami men showed a slightly larger increase in MetS severity than non-Sami men (p<0.001): the score increased by 0.20 (95% CI: 0.14 to 0.25) and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10) in Sami and non-Sami men, respectively. Abdominal obesity increased markedly between the surveys in all subgroups.

Conclusion: The prevalence and severity of MetS increased over time in rural Northern Norway. Abdominal obesity appeared to drive the increase in ATP-III-MetS prevalence. Sami men had a slightly larger increase in severity than non-Sami.

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