Relationships Between Atherosclerosis and Plasma Antioxidant Micronutrients or Red Blood Cell Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in People Living with HIV

Overview

Journal Nutrients

Date 2019 Jun 12

PMID 31181624

Citations 4

Authors

Katherine J P Schwenger

Bianca M Arendt

Marek Smieja

David W L Ma

Fiona Smaill

Johane P Allard

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (PLWH) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Diet-related factors may contribute. The aim of this pilot study was to determine, in PLWH, the relationship between atherosclerosis assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and (A) plasma antioxidant micronutrients and oxidative stress or (B) red blood cell polyunsaturated fatty acids (RBC PUFA), particularly long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA).

Methods: (A) In a cross-sectional study, subjects had CIMT evaluated by high resolution carotid artery ultrasound. Plasma was collected for vitamin C, measured by spectrophotometry; and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, retinol, and malondialdehyde-a marker of oxidative stress-using high pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence spectrophotometry. (B) In a prospective cohort study, other subjects had RBC PUFA measured at baseline, using gas chromatography, and CIMT assessed at baseline and repeated after 2 years. Clinical data was also collected.

Results: (A) 91 PLWH participated. Only alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels were positively correlated with CIMT. In a multivariate analysis, age and systolic blood pressure were significantly associated with CIMT with gamma-tocopherol near significance ( = 0.053). (B) 69 PLWH participated. At baseline, docosahexaenoic acid (n-3 PUFA) and the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFA) were significantly and negatively correlated with CIMT. However, a multivariate analysis failed to detect a significant relationship either at baseline or 2 years after.

Conclusion: In addition to age and systolic blood pressure, atherosclerosis assessed by CIMT might be associated with higher serum gamma-tocopherol levels. There was a non-significant association between CIMT and RBC n-3 PUFA or the ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFA.

Citing Articles

PON-1 and PON-2 Polymorphisms and PON-1 Paraoxonase Activity in People Living with HIV-1.

Reichert C, Levy D, Maselli L, da Cunha J, Gualandro S, Bydlowski S Antioxidants (Basel). 2025; 14(2).

PMID: 40002395 PMC: 11851513. DOI: 10.3390/antiox14020209.

Association Between Circulating Fatty Acids and Blood Pressure: A Review.

Arghavani H, Bilodeau J, Rudkowska I Curr Nutr Rep. 2025; 14(1):15.

PMID: 39775363 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00602-3.

Vitamin C Urinary Loss and Deficiency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Cross-sectional Study of Vitamin C Renal Leak in Women With HIV.

Ebenuwa I, Violet P, Michel K, Padayatty S, Wang Y, Tu H Clin Infect Dis. 2023; 77(8):1157-1165.

PMID: 37264998 PMC: 10573720. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad333.

Dosage of Dual-Protein Nutrition Differentially Impacts the Formation of Atherosclerosis in Mice.

Huang Y, Zhang K, Zhang L, Qiu J, Fu L, Yin T Nutrients. 2022; 14(4).

PMID: 35215505 PMC: 8879330. DOI: 10.3390/nu14040855.

Multiple Effects of Ascorbic Acid against Chronic Diseases: Updated Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies.

Berretta M, Quagliariello V, Maurea N, di Francia R, Sharifi S, Facchini G Antioxidants (Basel). 2020; 9(12).

PMID: 33256059 PMC: 7761324. DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121182.

References

Oomen C, Feskens E, Rasanen L, Fidanza F, Nissinen A, Menotti A . Fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality in Finland, Italy, and The Netherlands. Am J Epidemiol. 2000; 151(10):999-1006. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010144. View

Cai H, Harrison D . Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress. Circ Res. 2000; 87(10):840-4. DOI: 10.1161/01.res.87.10.840. View

Andrews N, Husain M, Dakak N, Quyyumi A . Platelet inhibitory effect of nitric oxide in the human coronary circulation: impact of endothelial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 37(2):510-6. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)01114-1. View

Lonn E . Use of carotid ultrasound to stratify risk. Can J Cardiol. 2001; 17 Suppl A:22A-5A. View

McQuillan B, Hung J, Beilby J, Nidorf M, Thompson P . Antioxidant vitamins and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. The Perth Carotid Ultrasound Disease Assessment study (CUDAS). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 38(7):1788-94. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01676-x. View

Cerwinka W, Cooper D, Krieglstein C, Feelisch M, Granger D . Nitric oxide modulates endotoxin-induced platelet-endothelial cell adhesion in intestinal venules. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002; 282(3):H1111-7. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00391.2001. View

Bucher H, Hengstler P, Schindler C, Meier G . N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med. 2002; 112(4):298-304. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(01)01114-7. View

Hu F, Bronner L, Willett W, Stampfer M, Rexrode K, Albert C . Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. JAMA. 2002; 287(14):1815-21. DOI: 10.1001/jama.287.14.1815. View

Albert C, Campos H, Stampfer M, Ridker P, Manson J, Willett W . Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the risk of sudden death. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346(15):1113-8. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa012918. View

10.

Marchioli R, Barzi F, Bomba E, Chieffo C, Di Gregorio D, Di Mascio R . Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione. Circulation. 2002; 105(16):1897-903. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000014682.14181.f2. View

11.

Iannuzzi A, Celentano E, Panico S, Galasso R, Covetti G, Sacchetti L . Dietary and circulating antioxidant vitamins in relation to carotid plaques in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002; 76(3):582-7. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/76.3.582. View

12.

van Haaften R, Haenen G, van Bladeren P, Bogaards J, Evelo C, Bast A . Inhibition of various glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes by RRR-alpha-tocopherol. Toxicol In Vitro. 2003; 17(3):245-51. DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(03)00038-9. View

13.

Folch J, Lees M, SLOANE STANLEY G . A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957; 226(1):497-509. View

14.

De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, Brotons C, Cifkova R, Dallongeville J . European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: third joint task force of European and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by.... Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2003; 10(4):S1-S10. DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000087913.96265.e2. View

15.

Hasnain B, Mooradian A . Recent trials of antioxidant therapy: what should we be telling our patients?. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004; 71(4):327-34. DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.71.4.327. View

16.

Miller 3rd E, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, Riemersma R, Appel L, Guallar E . Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2004; 142(1):37-46. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00110. View

17.

Verlangieri A, Bush M . Effects of d-alpha-tocopherol supplementation on experimentally induced primate atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992; 11(2):131-8. View

18.

Sparrow C, Doebber T, Olszewski J, Wu M, Ventre J, STEVENS K . Low density lipoprotein is protected from oxidation and the progression of atherosclerosis is slowed in cholesterol-fed rabbits by the antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl-phenylenediamine. J Clin Invest. 1992; 89(6):1885-91. PMC: 295887. DOI: 10.1172/JCI115793. View

19.

Wohl D, Tien H, Busby M, Cunningham C, MacIntosh B, Napravnik S . Randomized study of the safety and efficacy of fish oil (omega-3 fatty acid) supplementation with dietary and exercise counseling for the treatment of antiretroviral therapy-associated hypertriglyceridemia. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 41(10):1498-504. DOI: 10.1086/497273. View

20.

Ma D, Ngo V, Huot P, Kang J . N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids endogenously synthesized in fat-1 mice are enriched in the mammary gland. Lipids. 2006; 41(1):35-9. DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5067-9. View