Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Expressing the Spike Protein of Genotype 2b Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: A Platform for Vaccine Development Against Emerging Epidemic Isolates

Overview

Journal Virology

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2019 May 26

PMID 31128495

Citations 14

Authors

Yong Ke

Dayi Yu

Fanqing Zhang

Jing Gao

Xiaoyu Wang

Xinkui Fang

Hengan Wang

Tao Sun

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Emerging porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (PEDVs) have caused large economic losses since 2010, and G2b is the prevalent globally epidemic genotype. Given the fastidious isolation of emerging PEDV in cell culture and difficulties in retaining the isolate infectivity upon further in vitro passage, highly attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) was used as a vector to express the PEDV spike (S) protein, aiming to develop a subunit vaccine against G2b viruses. An S protein with 19 of its cytoplasmic domain amino acids deleted could be incorporated into VSV particles, generating rVSV (VSV-S) with high efficiency. Our results suggest that VSV-S could effectively induce PEDV-specific immunity in pigs via intramuscular, but not intranasal, immunization. Notably, immunizations of sows with VSV -S provided protective lactogenic immunity against a virulent G2b PEDV challenge in piglets. Consequently, recombinant VSV may be a promising platform for preparing a subunit vaccine against PEDV.

Citing Articles

Advances in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus research: genome, epidemiology, vaccines, and detection methods.

Zhuang L, Zhao Y, Shen J, Sun L, Hao P, Yang J Discov Nano. 2025; 20(1):48.

PMID: 40029472 PMC: 11876513. DOI: 10.1186/s11671-025-04220-y.

Neutralizing VHH Antibodies Targeting the Spike Protein of PEDV.

Zhang L, Miao W, Zhou M, Lin M, Fu C, Wu Z Vet Sci. 2024; 11(11).

PMID: 39591307 PMC: 11598873. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11110533.

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea: Insights and Progress on Vaccines.

Park J Vaccines (Basel). 2024; 12(2).

PMID: 38400195 PMC: 10892315. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020212.

Prevention and Control of Swine Enteric Coronaviruses in China: A Review of Vaccine Development and Application.

Kong F, Jia H, Xiao Q, Fang L, Wang Q Vaccines (Basel). 2024; 12(1).

PMID: 38276670 PMC: 10820180. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010011.

A vesicular stomatitis virus-based African swine fever vaccine prototype effectively induced robust immune responses in mice following a single-dose immunization.

Ma Y, Shao J, Liu W, Gao S, Peng D, Miao C Front Microbiol. 2024; 14:1310333.

PMID: 38249478 PMC: 10797088. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1310333.

References

Li W, van Kuppeveld F, He Q, Rottier P, Bosch B . Cellular entry of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Virus Res. 2016; 226:117-127. PMC: 7114534. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.031. View

Sun D, Feng L, Shi H, Chen J, Cui X, Chen H . Identification of two novel B cell epitopes on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein. Vet Microbiol. 2008; 131(1-2):73-81. PMC: 7117171. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.02.022. View

Genzel Y . Designing cell lines for viral vaccine production: Where do we stand?. Biotechnol J. 2015; 10(5):728-40. DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400388. View

Huang Y, Dickerman A, Pineyro P, Li L, Fang L, Kiehne R . Origin, evolution, and genotyping of emergent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains in the United States. mBio. 2013; 4(5):e00737-13. PMC: 3812708. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00737-13. View

Wang D, Fang L, Xiao S . Porcine epidemic diarrhea in China. Virus Res. 2016; 226:7-13. PMC: 7114554. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.026. View

Fang X, Zhang S, Sun X, Li J, Sun T . Evaluation of attenuated VSVs with mutated M or/and G proteins as vaccine vectors. Vaccine. 2012; 30(7):1313-21. PMC: 7126045. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.085. View

Hofmann M, Wyler R . Propagation of the virus of porcine epidemic diarrhea in cell culture. J Clin Microbiol. 1988; 26(11):2235-9. PMC: 266866. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.26.11.2235-2239.1988. View

Lee C . Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: An emerging and re-emerging epizootic swine virus. Virol J. 2015; 12:193. PMC: 4687282. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0421-2. View

Shirato K, Maejima M, Matsuyama S, Ujike M, Miyazaki A, Takeyama N . Mutation in the cytoplasmic retrieval signal of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike (S) protein is responsible for enhanced fusion activity. Virus Res. 2011; 161(2):188-93. PMC: 7114372. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.07.019. View

10.

Chang S, Bae J, Kang T, Kim J, Chung G, Lim C . Identification of the epitope region capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies against the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Mol Cells. 2002; 14(2):295-9. View

11.

Schwegmann-Wessels C, Al-Falah M, Escors D, Wang Z, Zimmer G, Deng H . A novel sorting signal for intracellular localization is present in the S protein of a porcine coronavirus but absent from severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. J Biol Chem. 2004; 279(42):43661-6. PMC: 8060824. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M407233200. View

12.

Cruz D, Kim C, Shin H . The GPRLQPY motif located at the carboxy-terminal of the spike protein induces antibodies that neutralize Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Virus Res. 2007; 132(1-2):192-6. PMC: 7114191. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.10.015. View

13.

Li W, Li H, Liu Y, Pan Y, Deng F, Song Y . New variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, China, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012; 18(8):1350-3. PMC: 3414035. DOI: 10.3201/eid1808.120002. View

14.

Roberts A, Kretzschmar E, Perkins A, Forman J, Price R, Buonocore L . Vaccination with a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing an influenza virus hemagglutinin provides complete protection from influenza virus challenge. J Virol. 1998; 72(6):4704-11. PMC: 109996. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.72.6.4704-4711.1998. View

15.

Bahnemann H . Inactivation of viruses in serum with binary ethyleneimine. J Clin Microbiol. 1976; 3(2):209-10. PMC: 274262. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.3.2.209-210.1976. View

16.

Yuan X, Lin H, Li B, He K, Fan H . Efficacy and immunogenicity of recombinant swinepox virus expressing the truncated S protein of a novel isolate of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Arch Virol. 2017; 162(12):3779-3789. PMC: 7086769. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3548-1. View

17.

Fang X, Qi B, Ma Y, Zhou X, Zhang S, Sun T . Assessment of a novel recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus with triple mutations in its matrix protein as a vaccine for pigs. Vaccine. 2015; 33(46):6268-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.069. View

18.

Wu F, Fan X, Yue Y, Xiong S, Dong C . A vesicular stomatitis virus-based mucosal vaccine promotes dendritic cell maturation and elicits preferable immune response against coxsackievirus B3 induced viral myocarditis. Vaccine. 2014; 32(31):3917-26. PMC: 7115516. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.052. View

19.

Hou Y, Meulia T, Gao X, Saif L, Wang Q . Deletion of both the Tyrosine-Based Endocytosis Signal and the Endoplasmic Reticulum Retrieval Signal in the Cytoplasmic Tail of Spike Protein Attenuates Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Pigs. J Virol. 2018; 93(2). PMC: 6321913. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01758-18. View

20.

Schwegmann-Wessels C, Glende J, Ren X, Qu X, Deng H, Enjuanes L . Comparison of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with the S proteins from a porcine and a human coronavirus. J Gen Virol. 2009; 90(Pt 7):1724-1729. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.009704-0. View