Snacking Characteristics and Patterns and Their Associations with Diet Quality and BMI in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Consortium

Overview

Journal Public Health Nutr

Publisher Cambridge University Press

Date 2019 May 22

PMID 31112114

Citations 6

Authors

Madison N LeCroy

Kimberly P Truesdale

Donna M Matheson

Sharon M Karp

Shirley M Moore

Thomas N Robinson

Jerica M Berge

Holly L Nicastro

Alicia J Thomas

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: To describe snacking characteristics and patterns in children and examine associations with diet quality and BMI.

Design: Children's weight and height were measured. Participants/adult proxies completed multiple 24 h dietary recalls. Snack occasions were self-identified. Snack patterns were derived for each sample using exploratory factor analysis. Associations of snacking characteristics and patterns with Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score and BMI were examined using multivariable linear regression models.

Setting: Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium, USA: NET-Works, GROW, GOALS and IMPACT studies.

Participants: Predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minorities: NET-Works (n 534, 2-4-year-olds); GROW (n 610, 3-5-year-olds); GOALS (n 241, 7-11-year-olds); IMPACT (n 360, 10-13-year-olds).

Results: Two snack patterns were derived for three studies: a meal-like pattern and a beverage pattern. The IMPACT study had a similar meal-like pattern and a dairy/grains pattern. A positive association was observed between meal-like pattern adherence and HEI-2010 score (P for trend < 0⋅01) and snack occasion frequency and HEI-2010 score (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, 0⋅14 (0⋅04, 0⋅23); GROW, 0⋅12 (0⋅02, 0⋅21)) among younger children. A preference for snacking while using a screen was inversely associated with HEI-2010 score in all studies except IMPACT (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, -3⋅15 (-5⋅37, -0⋅92); GROW, -2⋅44 (-4⋅27, -0⋅61); GOALS, -5⋅80 (-8⋅74, -2⋅86)). Associations with BMI were almost all null.

Conclusions: Meal-like and beverage patterns described most children's snack intake, although patterns for non-Hispanic Blacks or adolescents may differ. Diets of 2-5-year-olds may benefit from frequent meal-like pattern snack consumption and diets of all children may benefit from decreasing screen use during eating occasions.

Citing Articles

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Parents' awareness and perceptions of the Change4Life 100 cal snack campaign, and perceived impact on snack consumption by children under 11 years.

Day R, Bridge G, Austin K, Ensaff H, Christian M BMC Public Health. 2022; 22(1):1012.

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Meal and snack patterns of 7-13-year-old schoolchildren in southern Brazil.

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Dietary patterns and associations with BMI in low-income, ethnic minority youth in the USA according to baseline data from four randomised controlled trials.

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PMID: 32993818 PMC: 8007675. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520003852.

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