The Impact of OMEGA-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Content of Adipocytokines and Biologically Active Lipids in Adipose Tissue of High-Fat Diet Fed Rats

Overview

Journal Nutrients

Date 2019 Apr 25

PMID 31013835

Citations 25

Authors

Marta Chacinska

Piotr Zabielski

Monika Ksiazek

Przemyslaw Szalaj

Katarzyna Jarzabek

Iwona Kojta

Adrian Chabowski

Agnieszka Urszula Blachnio-Zabielska

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

It has been established that OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may improve lipid and glucose homeostasis and prevent the "low-grade" state of inflammation in animals. Little is known about the effect of PUFAs on adipocytokines expression and biologically active lipids accumulation under the influence of high-fat diet-induced obesity. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of fish oil supplementation on adipocytokines expression and ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerols (DAG) content in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of high-fat fed animals. The experiments were carried out on Wistar rats divided into three groups: standard diet-control (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet + fish oil (HFD+FO). The fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were examined. Expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) protein was determined using the Western blot method. Plasma adipocytokines concentration was measured using ELISA kits and mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR reaction. Cer, DAG, and acyl-carnitine (A-CAR) content was analyzed by UHPLC/MS/MS. The fish oil supplementation significantly decreased plasma insulin concentration and Homeostatic Model Assesment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index and reduced content of adipose tissue biologically active lipids in comparison with HFD-fed subjects. The expression of CPT1 protein in HFD+FO in both adipose tissues was elevated, whereas the content of A-CAR was lower in both HFD groups. There was an increase of adiponectin concentration and expression in HFD+FO as compared to HFD group. OMEGA-3 fatty acids supplementation improved insulin sensitivity and decreased content of Cer and DAG in both fat depots. Our results also demonstrate that PUFAs may prevent the development of insulin resistance in response to high-fat feeding and may regulate the expression and secretion of adipocytokines in this animal model.

Citing Articles

Integrative Roles of Functional Foods, Microbiotics, Nutrigenetics, and Nutrigenomics in Managing Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.

Lam H, Lin S, Nguyen D, Chen C, Su C, Fang T Nutrients. 2025; 17(4).

PMID: 40004938 PMC: 11858703. DOI: 10.3390/nu17040608.

Impact of Lipids on Insulin Resistance: Insights from Human and Animal Studies.

Elkanawati R, Sumiwi S, Levita J Drug Des Devel Ther. 2024; 18:3337-3360.

PMID: 39100221 PMC: 11298177. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S468147.

Ginger Extract and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation: A Promising Strategy to Improve Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

Yu Y, Gao M, Xu H Physiol Res. 2024; 73(3):351-367.

PMID: 39027953 PMC: 11299783. DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935266.

Adipocyte Mitochondria: Deciphering Energetic Functions across Fat Depots in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.

Das S, Mukhuty A, Mullen G, Rudolph M Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(12).

PMID: 38928386 PMC: 11203708. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126681.

Employing Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis to Verify the Potential of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in the Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer.

Sha H, Zhu W Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024; 46(6):6041-6051.

PMID: 38921031 PMC: 11202278. DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060360.

References

Murata M, Kaji H, Takahashi Y, Iida K, Mizuno I, Okimura Y . Stimulation by eicosapentaenoic acids of leptin mRNA expression and its secretion in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001; 270(2):343-8. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2424. View

Yaspelkis 3rd B, Davis J, Saberi M, Smith T, Jazayeri R, Singh M . Leptin administration improves skeletal muscle insulin responsiveness in diet-induced insulin-resistant rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000; 280(1):E130-42. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.1.E130. View

Steppan C, Bailey S, Bhat S, Brown E, Banerjee R, Wright C . The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature. 2001; 409(6818):307-12. DOI: 10.1038/35053000. View

Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Yamauchi T, Kubota T, Moroi M, Matsui J . Disruption of adiponectin causes insulin resistance and neointimal formation. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277(29):25863-6. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.C200251200. View

Winnicki M, Somers V, Accurso V, Phillips B, Puato M, Palatini P . Fish-rich diet, leptin, and body mass. Circulation. 2002; 106(3):289-91. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000025241.01418.4d. View

Staiger H, Tschritter O, Machann J, Thamer C, Fritsche A, Maerker E . Relationship of serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations with body fat distribution in humans. Obes Res. 2003; 11(3):368-72. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2003.48. View

Ouchi N, Kihara S, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Walsh K . Obesity, adiponectin and vascular inflammatory disease. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2003; 14(6):561-6. DOI: 10.1097/00041433-200312000-00003. View

Dandona P, Aljada A, Bandyopadhyay A . Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes. Trends Immunol. 2003; 25(1):4-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2003.10.013. View

Kershaw E, Flier J . Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89(6):2548-56. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-0395. View

10.

Ramsay R, Zammit V . Carnitine acyltransferases and their influence on CoA pools in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med. 2004; 25(5-6):475-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2004.06.002. View

11.

Couet C, Delarue J, Ritz P, Antoine J, Lamisse F . Effect of dietary fish oil on body fat mass and basal fat oxidation in healthy adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997; 21(8):637-43. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800451. View

12.

Axelsson J, Heimburger O, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P . Adipose tissue and its relation to inflammation: the role of adipokines. J Ren Nutr. 2005; 15(1):131-6. DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2004.09.034. View

13.

Perez-Matute P, Marti A, Martinez J, Fernandez-Otero M, Stanhope K, Havel P . Eicosapentaenoic fatty acid increases leptin secretion from primary cultured rat adipocytes: role of glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005; 288(6):R1682-8. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00727.2004. View

14.

Wellen K, Hotamisligil G . Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2005; 115(5):1111-9. PMC: 1087185. DOI: 10.1172/JCI25102. View

15.

Gerber M, Boettner A, Seidel B, Lammert A, Bar J, Schuster E . Serum resistin levels of obese and lean children and adolescents: biochemical analysis and clinical relevance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90(8):4503-9. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-0437. View

16.

Ghafoorunissa , Ibrahim A, Rajkumar L, Acharya V . Dietary (n-3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent sucrose-induced insulin resistance in rats. J Nutr. 2005; 135(11):2634-8. DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.11.2634. View

17.

Sun D, Cree M, Zhang X, Boersheim E, Wolfe R . Measurement of stable isotopic enrichment and concentration of long-chain fatty acyl-carnitines in tissue by HPLC-MS. J Lipid Res. 2005; 47(2):431-9. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.D500026-JLR200. View

18.

Longo N, Amat di San Filippo C, Pasquali M . Disorders of carnitine transport and the carnitine cycle. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2006; 142C(2):77-85. PMC: 2557099. DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30087. View

19.

Scherer P . Adipose tissue: from lipid storage compartment to endocrine organ. Diabetes. 2006; 55(6):1537-45. DOI: 10.2337/db06-0263. View

20.

Chan D, Watts G, Nguyen M, Barrett P . Factorial study of the effect of n-3 fatty acid supplementation and atorvastatin on the kinetics of HDL apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in men with abdominal obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 84(1):37-43. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.1.37. View