Association of State Laws With Influenza Vaccination of Hospital Personnel

Overview

Journal Am J Prev Med

Specialty Public Health

Date 2019 Apr 21

PMID 31003802

Citations 3

Authors

Megan C Lindley

Yi Mu

Aila Hoss

Dawn Pepin

Elizabeth J Kalayil

Katharina L van Santen

Jonathan R Edwards

Daniel A Pollock

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Healthcare personnel influenza vaccination can reduce influenza illness and patient mortality. State laws are one tool promoting healthcare personnel influenza vaccination.

Methods: A 2016 legal assessment in 50 states and Washington DC identified (1) assessment laws: mandating hospitals assess healthcare personnel influenza vaccination status; (2) offer laws: mandating hospitals offer influenza vaccination to healthcare personnel; (3) ensure laws: mandating hospitals require healthcare personnel to demonstrate proof of influenza vaccination; and (4) surgical masking laws: mandating unvaccinated healthcare personnel to wear surgical masks during influenza season. Influenza vaccination was calculated using data reported in 2016 by short-stay acute care hospitals (n=4,370) to the National Healthcare Safety Network. Hierarchical linear modeling in 2018 examined associations between reported vaccination and assessment, offer, or ensure laws at the level of facilities nested within states, among employee and non-employee healthcare personnel and among employees only.

Results: Eighteen states had one or more healthcare personnel influenza vaccination-related laws. In the absence of any state laws, facility vaccination mandates were associated with an 11-12 percentage point increase in mean vaccination coverage (p<0.0001). Facility-level mandates were estimated to increase mean influenza vaccination coverage among all healthcare personnel by 4.2 percentage points in states with assessment laws, 6.6 percentage points in states with offer laws, and 3.1 percentage points in states with ensure laws. Results were similar in analyses restricted only to employees although percentage point increases were slightly larger.

Conclusions: State laws moderate the effect of facility-level vaccination mandates and may help increase healthcare personnel influenza vaccination coverage in facilities with or without vaccination requirements.

Citing Articles

Effectiveness of vaccination mandates in improving uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in the USA.

Mello M, Opel D, Benjamin R, Callaghan T, DiResta R, Elharake J Lancet. 2022; 400(10351):535-538.

PMID: 35817078 PMC: 9270060. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00875-3.

Consistency of self-reported and documented historical influenza vaccination status of US healthcare workers.

Regan A, Wesley M, Gaglani M, Kim S, Edwards L, Murthy K Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2022; 16(5):881-890.

PMID: 35415884 PMC: 9343323. DOI: 10.1111/irv.12988.

Influenza Vaccination and Healthcare Personnel Compliance.

Gallagher M, Haessler S, Babcock H Curr Treat Options Infect Dis. 2020; 12(1):71-76.

PMID: 32435160 PMC: 7223640. DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00211-y.

References

Voirin N, Barret B, Metzger M, Vanhems P . Hospital-acquired influenza: a synthesis using the Outbreak Reports and Intervention Studies of Nosocomial Infection (ORION) statement. J Hosp Infect. 2008; 71(1):1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.08.013. View

Kim H, Lindley M, Dube D, Kalayil E, Paiva K, Raymond P . Evaluation of the impact of the 2012 Rhode Island health care worker influenza vaccination regulations: implementation process and vaccination coverage. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2014; 21(3):E1-9. PMC: 4736136. DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000128. View

Black C, Yue X, Ball S, Donahue S, Izrael D, de Perio M . Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Health Care Personnel - United States, 2015-16 Influenza Season. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016; 65(38):1026-31. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6538a2. View

. New infection control requirement for offering influenza vaccination to staff and licensed independent practitioners. Jt Comm Perspect. 2006; 26(6):10-1. View

Ahmed F, Lindley M, Allred N, Weinbaum C, Grohskopf L . Effect of influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel on morbidity and mortality among patients: systematic review and grading of evidence. Clin Infect Dis. 2013; 58(1):50-7. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit580. View

Rakita R, Hagar B, Crome P, Lammert J . Mandatory influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: a 5-year study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010; 31(9):881-8. DOI: 10.1086/656210. View

Lin C, Nowalk M, Raymund M, Sweeney P, Zimmerman R . Association of State Laws and Healthcare Workers' Influenza Vaccination Rates. J Natl Med Assoc. 2016; 108(1):99-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2015.12.013. View

. Immunization of health-care personnel: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011; 60(RR-7):1-45. View

Libby T, Lindley M, Lorick S, MacCannell T, Lee S, Smith C . Reliability and validity of a standardized measure of influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare personnel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013; 34(4):335-45. DOI: 10.1086/669859. View

10.

Lindley M, Lorick S, Geevarughese A, Lee S, Makvandi M, Miller B . Evaluating a standardized measure of healthcare personnel influenza vaccination. Am J Prev Med. 2013; 45(3):297-303. PMC: 4659379. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.04.019. View

11.

Lindley M, Horlick G, Shefer A, Shaw F, Gorji M . Assessing state immunization requirements for healthcare workers and patients. Am J Prev Med. 2007; 32(6):459-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.009. View

12.

Khodyakov D, Uscher-Pines L, Lorick S, Lindley M, Shier V, Harris K . A qualitative analysis of the impact of healthcare personnel influenza vaccination requirements in California. Vaccine. 2013; 32(25):3082-7. PMC: 5763491. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.077. View

13.

Salgado C, Giannetta E, Hayden F, Farr B . Preventing nosocomial influenza by improving the vaccine acceptance rate of clinicians. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004; 25(11):923-8. DOI: 10.1086/502321. View

14.

Sartor C, Zandotti C, Romain F, Jacomo V, Simon S, Sambuc R . Disruption of services in an internal medicine unit due to a nosocomial influenza outbreak. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002; 23(10):615-9. DOI: 10.1086/501981. View

15.

Babcock H, Gemeinhart N, Jones M, Dunagan W, Woeltje K . Mandatory influenza vaccination of health care workers: translating policy to practice. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 50(4):459-64. DOI: 10.1086/650752. View

16.

Burris S, Ashe M, Levin D, Penn M, Larkin M . A Transdisciplinary Approach to Public Health Law: The Emerging Practice of Legal Epidemiology. Annu Rev Public Health. 2015; 37:135-48. PMC: 5703193. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021841. View

17.

Lindley M, Yonek J, Ahmed F, Perz J, Torres G . Measurement of influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare personnel in US hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009; 30(12):1150-7. DOI: 10.1086/648086. View

18.

Zimmerman R, Lin C, Raymund M, Bialor J, Sweeney P, Nowalk M . Hospital policies, state laws, and healthcare worker influenza vaccination rates. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013; 34(8):854-7. DOI: 10.1086/671265. View