Heme Uptake and Utilization by Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens

Overview

Journal Front Cell Infect Microbiol

Specialties Cell Biology
Infectious Diseases
Microbiology

Date 2019 Apr 16

PMID 30984629

Citations 56

Authors

Kaylie L Richard

Brittni R Kelley

Jeremiah G Johnson

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Iron is a transition metal utilized by nearly all forms of life for essential cellular processes, such as DNA synthesis and cellular respiration. During infection by bacterial pathogens, the host utilizes various strategies to sequester iron in a process termed, nutritional immunity. To circumvent these defenses, Gram-negative pathogens have evolved numerous mechanisms to obtain iron from heme. In this review we outline the systems that exist in several Gram-negative pathogens that are associated with heme transport and utilization, beginning with hemolysis and concluding with heme degradation. In addition, Gram-negative pathogens must also closely regulate the intracellular concentrations of iron and heme, since high levels of iron can lead to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. As such, we also provide several examples of regulatory pathways that control heme utilization, showing that co-regulation with other cellular processes is complex and often not completely understood.

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